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Coupling the s-CO2 Brayton cycle to the advanced nuclear reactors generally requires an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX). From an economic viewpoint, it is important to reduce the size and cost of IHX, but at the same time, the thermal hydraulic performances should not be deteriorated. Printed-circuit heat exchanger (PCHE), one of advanced compact heat exchangers, has been demonstrated as a competitive candidate. This thesis mainly focuses on designing a PCHE-type advanced IHX with innovative surface geometry with thermal, economic and mechanical consideration. Among the four outstanding surface geometries, zigzag and S-shaped fin channels are selected for a helium-to-s-CO2 IHX. Since the thermal-hydraulic correlations of the zigzag channel with a variety of geometrical parameters are available, a thermal-economic optimization is carried out to optimize the design of zigzag channel. For such multi-objective optimization problem, the annual total cost and heat exchanger thermal effectiveness are selected as two objectives functions. NSGA-II (a fast and elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm), one of the widely used multi-objective genetic algorithms, is used for searching a group of Pareto-optimal designs. It is found that among the Pareto-optimal solutions, the total cost gradually increases with the thermal effectiveness between 88 and 95% while rises rapidly after the heat exchanger effectiveness exceeds around 95%. The sensitivity study shows that for the solutions with thermal effectiveness below around 95% the heat exchanger core physical length is the dominant factor that causes conflict between the total cost and thermal effectiveness. A similar trend can be observed from both the basic and extended design space. The final selection of the optimal designs obtained from the thermal-economic optimization requires a structural evaluation of surface geometry, especially for high-temperature high-pressure applications. S-shaped fin channels are chosen for preliminary structural assessment using numerical simulation due to the geometrical complexity and expected severe stress concentration. It is found that the excessive stress concentrations occur at tips of S-shaped fins when imposed with high-pressure differential loading. A small portion of the fin yields while the rest of the fin body remains low-stress level. The design and service limit prescribed in the ASME BPVC code is used to evaluate local stresses of the S-shaped fin, and according to the criterion, the reference model was allowed for 11.5 years of service with small portion of fin body yielded.
The primary objective in any engineering design process has to be the elimination of uncertainties. In thermal design of heat exchangers there are presently many stages in which assumptions in mathematical solution of the design problem are being made. Accumulation of these assumptions may introduce variations in design. The designer needs to understand where these inaccuracies may arise, and strive to eliminate as many sources of error as possible by choosing design configurations that avoid such problems at source. In this exciting text, the author adopts a numerical approach to the thermal design of heat exchangers, extending the theory of performance evaluation to the point where computer software may be written. The first few chapters are intended to provide a development from undergraduate studies regarding the fundamentals of heat exchanger theory and the concepts of direct sizing. Later chapters on transient response of heat exchangers and on the related single-blow method of obtaining experimental results should also interest the practicing engineer. Theory is explained simply, with the intention that readers can develop their own approach to the solution of particular problems. This book is an indispensable reference text for higher level (post-graduate) students and practicing engineers, researchers and academics in the field of heat exchangers. Includes a whole new chapter on exergy and pressure loss Provides in the first few chapters a development from undergraduate studies regarding the fundamentals of heat exchanger theory, and continues in later chapters to discuss issues such as the transient response of heat exchangers and the related single-blow method of obtaining experimental results that are also of interest to the practicing engineer. Adopts a numerical approach to the thermal design of heat exchangers, extending the theory of performance evaluation to the point where computer software may be written Contributes to the development of the direct ‘sizing’ approach in thermal design of the exchanger surface Explains theory simply, with the objective that the reader can develop their own approach to the solution of particular problems
Comprehensive and unique source integrates the material usually distributed among a half a dozen sources. * Presents a unified approach to modeling of new designs and develops the skills for complex engineering analysis. * Provides industrial insight to the applications of the basic theory developed.
Hybrid Energy Systems: Strategy for Industrial Decarbonization demonstrates how hybrid energy and processes can decarbonize energy industry needs for power and heating and cooling. It describes the role of hybrid energy and processes in nine major industry sectors and discusses how hybrid energy can offer sustainable solutions in each. Introduces the basics and examples of hybrid energy systems Examines hybrid energy and processes in coal, oil and gas, nuclear, building, vehicle, manufacturing and industrial processes, computing and portable electronic, district heating and cooling, and water sectors Shows that hybrid processes can improve efficiency and that hybrid energy can effectively insert renewable fuels in the energy industry Serves as a companion text to the author’s book Hybrid Power: Generation, Storage, and Grids Written for advanced students, researchers, and industry professionals involved in energy-related processes and plants, this book offers latest research and practical strategies for application of the innovative field of hybrid energy.