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The Encyclopedia of Estuaries, part of Springer's Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, provides a single, state-of-the-art, comprehensive reference volume on estuaries for research scientists, educators, students, and others. Consisting of almost 270 subject entries in an easy-to-use format, this volume covers the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of estuaries. In total more than 225 authors from around the world have contributed to the encyclopedia on such diverse subjects as biotic communities, essential habitats, food webs, fisheries, hydrology, pollution, conservation, and many more. The Encyclopedia of Estuaries will meet the needs of professionals worldwide by supplying detailed information from world-class estuarine and marine scientists as well as experts from other fields of study.
Temperature is one facet in the mosaic of physical and biotic factors that describes the niche of an animal. Ofthe physical factors it is ecologically the most important. for it is a factor that is all-pervasive and one that. in most environments. lacks spatial or temporal constancy. Evolution has produced a wide variety of adaptive strategies and tactics to exploit or deal with this variable environmental factor. The ease with which temperature can be measured. and controlled experimentally. together with its widespread influence on the affairs of animals. has understandably led to a large. dispersed literature. In spite of this no recent book provides a comprehensive treatment of the biology of animals in relation to temperature. Our intention in writing this book was to fill that gap. We hope we have provided a modern statement with a critical synthesis of this diverse field. which will be suitable and stimulating for both advanced undergraduate and post graduate students of biology. This book is emphatically not intended as a monographical review. as thermal biology is such a diverse. developed discipline that it could not be encompassed within the confines of a book of this size.
Temperature profoundly impacts both the phenotypes and distributions of organisms. These thermal effects exert strong selective pressures on behaviour, physiology and life history when environmental temperatures vary over space and time. Despite temperature's significance, progress toward a quantitative theory of thermal adaptation has lagged behind empirical descriptions of patterns and processes. In this book, the author draws on theory from the more general discipline of evolutionary ecology to establish a framework for interpreting empirical studies of thermal biology. This novel synthesis of theoretical and empirical work generates new insights about the process of thermal adaptation and points the way towards a more general theory. The threat of rapid climatic change on a global scale provides a stark reminder of the challenges that remain for thermal biologists and adds a sense of urgency to this book's mission. Thermal Adaptation will benefit anyone who seeks to understand the relationship between environmental variation and phenotypic evolution. The book focuses on quantitative evolutionary models at the individual, population and community levels, and successfully integrates this theory with modern empirical approaches. By providing a synthetic overview of evolutionary thermal biology, this accessible text will appeal to both graduate students and established researchers in the fields of comparative, ecological, and evolutionary physiology. It will also interest the broader audience of professional ecologists and evolutionary biologists who require a comprehensive review of this topic, as well as those researchers working on the applied problems of regional and global climate change.
Temperature impacts the behaviour, physiology and ecology of all organisms more than any other abiotic variable. In this book, the author draws on theory from the more general discipline of evolutionary ecology to foster a fresh approach toward a theory of thermal adaptation.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Biological Processes covers emerging areas in fluid flow and heat transfer relevant to biosystems and medical technology. This book uses an interdisciplinary approach to provide a comprehensive prospective on biofluid mechanics and heat transfer advances and includes reviews of the most recent methods in modeling of flows in biological media, such as CFD. Written by internationally recognized researchers in the field, each chapter provides a strong introductory section that is useful to both readers currently in the field and readers interested in learning more about these areas. Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Biological Processes is an indispensable reference for professors, graduate students, professionals, and clinical researchers in the fields of biology, biomedical engineering, chemistry and medicine working on applications of fluid flow, heat transfer, and transport phenomena in biomedical technology. Provides a wide range of biological and clinical applications of fluid flow and heat transfer in biomedical technology Covers topics such as electrokinetic transport, electroporation of cells and tissue dialysis, inert solute transport (insulin), thermal ablation of cancerous tissue, respiratory therapies, and associated medical technologies Reviews the most recent advances in modeling techniques
Effects of temperature on the state of water in the living cell; Heat effects on proteins and enzymes; Effects of elevated temperatures on DNA and on some polynucleotides: denaturation, renaturation and cleavage of glycosidic and phosphate ester bonds; The effect of heat on membranes and membrane constituents; Temperature effects on micro-organisms; The effect of temperature on the relation between animal viruses and their hosts; Heat responses of higher plants; Insects and temperature; The heat responses of invertebrates (exclusive of insects); Responses of vertebrate poikilotherms to temperature; Resistance to cold in mammals; Resistance to heat in man and other homeothermic animals; Medical applications of thermobiology; Thermal energy as a factor in the biology of soils; Thermal energy as a factor in the biology of the polar regions.
Thermal and Energetic Studies of Cellular Biological Systems reviews literature on thermal and energetic changes which occur in living organisms. It was commissioned at the suggestion of Dr. Philip Edge of John Wright & Sons and was a natural successor to the 1980 book Biological Microcalorimetry. This volume is restricted to a discussion of energy changes in cellular systems. This book is organized into nine chapters. Each author presents a concise, up-to-date account of his field of expertise. Their topics include the usefulness of calorimetric methods in ecological studies, growth and metabolism in bacteria and yeasts, metabolism and heat dissipation in whole tissues or organs, and animal cells and energy requirements in biological systems. This book will be of interest to people seeking a non-destructive technique for studying cellular system and it can serve as a guide and a reference book to those already active in the field.
This is the first single volume to cover the effect of temperature in its entirety. The threat of rapid climatic change on a global scale is a stark reminder of the challenges that remain for evolutionary thermal biologists, and adds a sense of urgency to this book's mission.
This book concerns two subthemes, 'temperature sensing' and 'temperature-responding systems', addressing the questions of how temperature is sensed and how temperature is related to biological functions, respectively. Temperature affects various physiological functions and is one of the most important factors in homeostasis. The book seeks to integrate our understanding of temperature-dependent biological phenomena with the development of techniques that detect and regulate local temperatures in cells and organs with high resolution and precision. Part I: “Temperature sensing” addresses temperature sensing mechanisms by focusing on plasma membrane molecules, intracellular molecules and intracellular metabolic pathways. This part seeks to develop ways to detect and regulate local temperatures at a cellular level, which would facilitate future temperature- sensing research. Part II: “Temperature- responding systems” focuses on the neural circuits that integrate information concerning ambient temperature sensation, the effects of temperature on metabolic functions and biological rhythms, and mechanisms involved in emotion formation. This part clarifies crosstalk between temperature-responding systems by developing methods to detect and regulate local temperatures in organs. Authors of this book are leading researchers investigating temperature-sensing mechanisms across a wide range of biological responses from molecular to whole organism levels. The book promotes an integrated understanding of temperature-dependent biological phenomena under a novel discipline, 'thermal biology', which leads to a novel concept wherein 'temperature' as a physical quantity could be viewed as an element of new signaling mechanisms.