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Doctrine provides a military organization with unity of effort and a common philosophy, language, and purpose. This manual, "Theater Army Operations" (FM3-93), discusses the organization and operations of the theater army headquarters, including its role as the Army Service component command (ASCC) to the geographic combatant commander (GCC) and the relationships between the theater army headquarters and the theater enabling commands. The manual also discusses theater army responsibilities for setting the theater, Title 10 functions and responsibilities, generally referred to as the combatant commander's daily operations requirements, as well as the operational employment of the theater army's contingency command post (CCP) to directly mission command limited types of operations.
ADP 3-0, Operations, constitutes the Army's view of how to conduct prompt and sustained operations across multiple domains, and it sets the foundation for developing other principles, tactics, techniques, and procedures detailed in subordinate doctrine publications. It articulates the Army's operational doctrine for unified land operations. ADP 3-0 accounts for the uncertainty of operations and recognizes that a military operation is a human undertaking. Additionally, this publication is the foundation for training and Army education system curricula related to unified land operations. The principal audience for ADP 3-0 is all members of the profession of arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as joint task force (JTF) or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army will use this publication as well.
This book describes how future Army forces, as part of joint, interorganizational, and multinational efforts, operate to accomplish campaign objectives and protect U.S. national interests. It describes the Army's contribution to globally integrated operations, and addresses the need for Army forces to provide foundational capabilities for the Joint Force and to project power onto land and from land across the air, maritime, space, and cyberspace domains. The Army Operating Concept guides future force development through the identification of first order capabilities that the Army must possess to accomplish missions in support of policy goals and objectives.
This book looks at several troop categories based on primary function and analyzes the ratio between these categories to develop a general historical ratio. This ratio is called the Tooth-to-Tail Ratio. McGrath's study finds that this ratio, among types of deployed US forces, has steadily declined since World War II, just as the nature of warfare itself has changed. At the same time, the percentage of deployed forces devoted to logistics functions and to base and life support functions have increased, especially with the advent of the large-scale of use of civilian contractors. This work provides a unique analysis of the size and composition of military forces as found in historical patterns. Extensively illustrated with charts, diagrams, and tables. (Originally published by the Combat Studies Institute Press)
Field Manual FM 3-94 Theater Army, Corps, and Division Operations April 2014 provides Army doctrine for the theater army, corps, and division. FM 3-94 explains the organization of the theater army, corps, and division headquarters and their respective command posts. It establishes the roles for each headquarters, including their respective contributions to joint operations. It discusses subordinate units and each headquarters' organization of its units, establishment of command and support relationships, and conduct of operations. The principal audience for FM 3-94 is theater army, corps, and division commanders and staffs. It also provides relevant information regarding the organization and operations for commanders and staffs at field army, subordinate theater-level commands and brigades, geographic combatant commands, and other Service headquarters. FM 3-94 uses joint terms where applicable. Selected joint and Army terms and definitions appear in both the glossary and the text. The term for which FM 3-94 is proponent is marked with an asterisk in the glossary. Its definition is boldfaced in the text. For other terms and definitions shown in the text, the term is italicized and the number of the proponent publication follows the definition. FM 3-94 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. FM 3-94 has seven chapters organized under three parts. Part One describes the Army hierarchy within a geographic combatant command and goes into detail about the theater army, the senior echelon in each geographic combatant command. It includes three chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the higher echelons of the Army. It introduces the three senior echelons of the Army within a geographic combatant command. It describes their roles and tasks in general terms. It lays out the Army concept of sustainment and support provided by theater army. This chapter also discusses operational and administrative chains of command and their differences. The chapter concludes with a brief review of operational areas. Chapter 2 describes the roles and tasks of the theater army. It discusses the staff organization of the theater army. It also discusses the main command post and contingency command post of the theater army and their employment by the theater army commander. Chapter 3 summarizes the theater-level commands and supporting organizations that allow the theater army to fulfill its roles and enable the corps and division to accomplish theirs. Part Two discusses the corps and includes two chapters. Chapter 4 explains the roles and tasks of the corps, together with its operational and administrative responsibilities. The chapter summarizes the subordinate units typically found in the corps echelon. The chapter then discusses the internal organization of the corps and the various command posts available to the corps commander. Chapter 5 examines corps-level operations. This includes how the corps arranges its combat power, organizes the area of operations, and conducts decisive action. Part Three addresses the division in two chapters. Chapter 6 explains the roles and tasks of the division headquarters, together with its operational and administrative responsibilities. The chapter summarizes the subordinate units normally under the operational or tactical control of the division. The chapter then discusses the internal organization of the division headquarters and the various command posts available to the division commander. Chapter 7 examines division-level operations. This includes how the division arranges its combat power, organizes the area of operations, and conducts decisive action.
Researchers identify the effects of Focus Area Review Group II headquarters design and its new unit type--the Main Command Post-Operational Detachment--on division headquarters readiness.
Discusses the Allied invasion of Normandy, with extensive details about the planning stage, called Operation Overlord, as well as the fighting on Utah and Omaha Beaches.
This publication, Field Manual FM 3-0 Operations Change 1 6 December 2017, describes how Army forces, as part of a joint team, shape operational environments (OEs), prevent conflict, conduct large-scale ground combat, and consolidate gains against a peer threat. This manual provides a foundation for how Army forces conduct prompt and sustained large-scale combat operations. FM 3-0 is applicable to all members of the Army Profession: leaders, Soldiers, and Army Civilians. The principle audience for FM 3-0 is commanders, staffs, and leaders. This manual also provides the foundation for training and Army education system curricula and future capabilities development. FM 3-0 contains fundamentals, tactics, and techniques focused on fighting and winning large-scale combat operations. This manual uses historical vignettes, quotes, and graphics to reinforce the doctrine within. FM 3-0 contains 8 chapters and 2 appendixes: Chapter 1 describes large-scale combat operations and associated challenges Army forces face today. It addresses anticipated OEs, threats, joint operations, and the Army's strategic roles in support of joint operations. The chapter then discusses unified land operations and associated topics, including decisive action, operational art, and the operational framework. Chapter 2 is divided into four sections. Section I provides an overview of Army echelons, capabilities, and training. Section II provides a general discussion of Army forces in a theater. Section III describes Army capabilities by warfighting function. Section IV addresses training for large-scale ground combat. Chapter 3 provides an overview of operations to shape the OE. It discusses operation assessments and describes threat activities prior to armed conflict. A discussion of shaping activities performed by Army forces follows. The chapter then describes Army organizations and their roles as they shape the OE. Chapter 4 provides an overview of operations to prevent conflict. It addresses assessing OEs in which Army forces conduct activities to prevent war during crisis action, and it provides a description of threats. The chapter continues with a discussion of the major activities within operations to prevent. The chapter concludes with the roles of the theater army, corps, divisions, and brigades. Chapter 5 is divided into four sections. Section I provides an overview of large-scale combat operations. Section II addresses tactical enabling tasks that apply to both the defense and the offense. Section III provides a discussion of forcible entry operations from which Army forces may defend or continue the offense. Section IV discusses the transition to consolidation of gains. Chapter 6 begins with a general discussion of the defense, followed by a discussion of how an enemy may attack. It continues with sections on planning and preparing corps and division defenses. It then addresses the three primary defensive tasks. Chapter 7 begins with a general discussion of the offense, followed by a discussion of how an enemy may defend. It continues with a section on how corps and divisions plan for the offense. This chapter then provides +a discussion of forms of maneuver and the four offensive tasks. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the subordinate forms of attack. Chapter 8 expands upon operations to consolidate gains discussed in previous chapters. It describes how Army forces transition from large-scale ground combat operations to operations that translate tactical and operational success into lasting gains. An expanded description of the operational framework and the consolidation area follows. The chapter concludes with a description of consolidation activities. Appendix A provides doctrine on command and support relationships that form the basis for unity of command and unity of effort. Appendix B provides commanders with a listing of risk considerations for the planning of large-scale ground combat.
In 2003, the U.S. Army began a process to transform from a division-based to a modular force structure. Congress requested a study of the process and outcomes of the initiative to assess the impact on the Army's capabilities in a range of operations.