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In March 1917, the first women to be enrolled into the British Army joined the newly formed Womens Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC). The women substituted men in roles that the Army considered suitable, thereby freeing men to move up the line. The WAACs served, for example, as cooks, drivers, signallers, clerks, as well as gardeners in the military cemeteries. Due to their exemplary service, Queen Mary gave her name to the Corps in April 1918 and it became Queen Marys Army Auxiliary Corps (QMAAC). By the time the Corps was disbanded in 1921, approximately 57,000 women had served both at home and in France.This book details the establishment of the Corps and subsequently explores the experience of the WAACs who served in France. It follows the women from enrollment to the camps and workplaces overseas, through to their experiences of the Spring Offensive of 1918, the Armistice and demobilization. The final chapter reviews how the women have been remembered in art, literature, museums and memorials. Throughout the book, the author locates the women in a society at war and examines how they were viewed by the Army, the general public and the press. The author draws on a wide range of sources to provide the background and uses the oral and written testimonies of the women themselves to tell their stories. This book will be of interest to social, womens and military historians, as well as family history researchers.
Die etwa 150.000 Frauen, die im Zweiten Weltkrieg im Women's Army Corps Dienst taten, waren die ersten regularen Soldatinnen der US-Armee. Um mannliche Soldaten fur den Kampf freizusetzen, arbeiteten sie auch in traditionellen Mannerbereichen, etwa als Mechanikerinnen oder Pilotinnen in den USA, Afrika, Europa und Sudostasien. Die Autorin geht den Erfahrungen dieser Frauen nach, den militarischen und zivilen Diskursen uber Soldatinnen im Militar und dem Umgang der Armee mit soldatischer Weiblichkeit und weiblicher Sexualitat. Anhand von Regierungsdokumenten, Kriegsgerichtsprozessen, aber auch Selbstzeugnissen, Gedichten und Songs zeigt M. Michaela Hampf, wie umkampft die Konstruktion der Soldatin im Amerika der vierziger Jahre war und bis heute ist.
When America entered World War II, the surge of patriotism was not confined to men. Congress authorized the organization of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (later renamed Women's Army Corps) in 1942, and hundreds of women were able to join in the war effort. Charity Edna Adams became the first black woman commissioned as an officer. Black members of the WAC had to fight the prejudices not only of males who did not want women in their "man's army," but also of those who could not accept blacks in positions of authority or responsibility, even in the segregated military. With unblinking candor, Charity Adams Earley tells of her struggles and successes as the WAC's first black officer and as commanding officer of the only organization of black women to serve overseas during World War II. The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion broke all records for redirecting military mail as she commanded the group through its moves from England to France and stood up to the racist slurs of the general under whose command the battalion operated. The Six Triple Eight stood up for its commanding officer, supporting her boycott of segregated living quarters and recreational facilities. This book is a tribute to those courageous women who paved the way for patriots, regardless of color or gender, to serve their country.
The second volume of the Women for Victory series records the history and uniforms of the Women s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), the first American servicewomen's organization in World War II to enlist female noncombatant volunteers for service with the United States Army, and to employ them in other than medical capacities. This unique, in-depth study reveals many rarely known facts about this vanguard female wartime organization. Authentic uniform attire, also worn by the successor organization the Women s Army Corps, is presented in color photographs, never before documented with this depth of completeness and detail. With over 1,170 personal and archival illustrations, this reference work is an unparalleled and indispensable source for scholars of feminine and military history, veterans, collectors, costume designers, re-enactors and others interested in the history and dress of American women in wartime service. A chapter illustrating additional items augments the first volume in the series."
After yearsout of print, this new and redesigned book brings back the best and most complete history of the Women's Army Corps. Loaded with history, tables, charts, statistics, photos, personalities, and many useful appendices (including a history of WAC uniforms), The Women's Army Corps, 1945-1978 is must reading for anyone who served those years in the Army as well as for those who want a complete history of the modern-day military. Author Bettie Morden served from 1942-1972 and she used her experience and access to people and records to compile the definitive reference work. Col. Morden is a graduate of the WAC Officers' Advanced Course (1962); Command and General Staff College (1964); and the Army Management School (1965). She has been awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, the Joint Service Commendation Medal, and the Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster.
The Women's Army Corps makes a significant contribution to women's history and the history of the Army. Bettie J. Morden weaves the ideas and moral attitudes that existed in the middle decades of the twentieth century to chronicle thirty-three years of WAC history from V-J Day 1945 to 20 October 1978, when the Women's Army Corps was abolished by Public Law 95-584 and discontinued by Department of the Army General Order 20, with the WAC officers assimilated into the other branches of the Army (except the combat arms). For the most part taking a chronological approach, Morden focuses on the interaction of plans, decisions, and personalities that affected the WAC directors as they pushed and prodded the Army, the Department of Defense, and Congress to achieve Regular Army and Reserve status, military credit for Women's Army Auxiliary Corps service, and promotion above the grade of lieutenant colonel. The early WAC directors, according to Morden, had the task of fighting for progress and equity, whereas their successors fought a losing battle to keep entry standards high and to retain the corps' separate status. She provides readers with a comprehensive picture of WAC growth and development and the transformation in the status of Army women brought by the advent of the all-volunteer Army and the women's rights movement of the seventies.