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Oversight of the wind energy production tax credit : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care and Entitlements of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, October 2, 2013.
The desirability, viability, and cost effectiveness of policies designed to incentivize growth of the wind energy industry are subject to widespread debate within the U.S. government, wind industry groups, and the general public. Specifically, extension of the wind production tax credit (PTC) is routinely contested whenever a scheduled expiration approaches. While proponents of the policy argue that the policy is necessary for the wind energy industry to continue to expand, opponents contend that the wind energy industry no longer needs the PTC in order to remain viable. This thesis evaluates alternative wind energy incentive policies, the short- and long-term effect of the PTC on wind capacity and generation, and the ten-year projected costs and cost effectiveness associated with three PTC renewal options based on future wind capacity and generation projections. The primary lesson is that unless the wind energy industry grows at an exceptionally rapid pace over the next ten years, PTC renewal involves a tradeoff between total cost and cost effectiveness. If overall wind capacity continues to grow at an even faster pace than over the preceding ten years, allowing the PTC to expire at the end of 2013 is the cheapest and most cost effective option in terms of dollars per gigawatt of wind capacity installed or per kilowatt-hour of power generated from wind energy. If the wind industry performs at or below most current projections, renewing the PTC over the long-term is the most expensive, but most cost effective option. However, a more sustainable option could be achieved if the PTC and its frequent expirations and extensions are replaced with a long-term, predictable, and simple tax policy that is not a recurring source of uncertainty for the entire industry.
In the United States, Federal incentives for the deployment of wind and solar power projects are delivered primarily through the tax code, in the form of accelerated tax depreciation and tax credits that are based on either investment or production. Both wind and solar projects are equally eligible for accelerated tax depreciation, but tax credit eligibility varies by technology: solar is currently eligible for the investment tax credit (ITC), while wind is eligible for either the ITC or the production tax credit (PTC), though wind project sponsors typically choose the PTC. The PTC is a per-kilowatt-hour tax (kWh) credit for electricity generated using qualified energy resources. This book provides a brief overview of the renewable electricity PTC. It describes the credit; a legislative history; and presents data on PTC claims and discusses the revenue consequences of the credit. It also briefly considers some of the economic and policy considerations related to the credit. This book concludes by briefly noting policy options related to the PTC.
This study analyzes the potential impact of state tax incentives on the federal production tax credit (PTC) for large-scale wind power projects. While the federal PTC provides critical support to wind plants in the U.S., its so-called ''double-dipping'' provisions may also diminish the value of - or make ineffectual - certain types of state wind power incentives. In particular, if structured the wrong way, state assistance programs will undercut the value of the federal PTC to wind plant owners. It is therefore critical to determine which state incentives reduce the federal PTC, and the magnitude of this reduction. Such knowledge will help states determine which wind power incentives can be the most effective. This research concludes that certain kinds of state tax incentives are at risk of reducing the value of the federal PTC, but that federal tax law and IRS rulings are not sufficiently clear to specify exactly what kinds of incentives trigger this offset. State investment tax credits seem most likely to reduce federal PTC payments; the impact of state production tax credits as well as state property and sales tax incentives is more uncertain. Further IRS rulings will be necessary to gain clarity on these issues. State policymakers can seek such guidance from the IRS. While the IRS may not issue a definitive ''revenue ruling'' on requests from state policymakers, the IRS has in the past been willing to provide general information letters that can provide non-binding clarification on these matters. Private wind power developers, meanwhile, may seek guidance through ''private letter'' rulings.