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Contributors from both historical and biblical studies profile the methods, perspectives and seminal works of major biblical interpreters from the second century to the late twentieth century. Includes introductory essays for each period and bibliographies of each interpreter. Edited by Donald K. McKim.
What has by convention been called 'John Lightfoot's journal' is in fact a four-volume series of journals, the first of which has never been published. The journals are presented here in their entirety for the first time. John Lightfoot's journals cover a period in the author's life when he was a member of the famous 'assembly of divines' meeting in Westminster Abbey. The Westminster assembly (1643-1653) was comprised of approximately thirty members of parliament and 120 ministers. By the outbreak of the war in England in 1642, a majority in the Long Parliament had come to see it as its duty to renovate the Church of England, both bringing it into line with a more biblical code and up to date with the best Reformed Churches. Lightfoot's personal diary is of critical importance to assembly history because his meticulous little volumes supply the only account of the assembly's activities for sessions 1-44, and the only fulsome account for sessions 120-154, where the assembly's own minutes are missing. For the sessions where the assembly's minutes are extant, Lightfoot offers another set of eyes, often supplying additional information and a perspective differing from the assembly's own scribe. These sessions record the gathering's opening ceremonies, surprising fractious debates over the Thirty-nine Articles, and predictably heated conflicts between Episcopalians, Presbyterians, and Congregationalists over church governance. Lightfoot describes riots outside parliament, names meeting places for MPs and assembly members in London, and attempts to explain assembly dynamics in a way that The Minutes and Papers of the assembly do not. The four-volume journal ends abruptly after eighteen months, in December 1644. The body of this volume contains the full text of Lightfoot's surviving journals, accompanied by interpretive introductions for each session and editorial notation throughout. The introduction sets in context the author's life prior to and during the Westminster assembly and discusses the careful composition, potential audience, and checkered transmission of the journals.
In the opening chapter of the Confession, the divines of Westminster included a clause that implied that there would no longer be any special immediate revelation from God. Means by which God had once communicated the divine will, such as dreams, visions, and the miraculous gifts of the Spirit, were said to be no longer available. However, many of the authors of the WCF accepted that prophecy continued in their time, and a number of them apparently believed that disclosure of God's will through dreams, visions, and angelic communication remained possible. How is the cessationist clause of WCF 1:1 to be read in the light of these claims? This book reconciles this paradox in a detailed study of the writings of the authors of the Westminster Confession of Faith.
Presbyterianism emerged during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. It spread from the British Isles to North America in the early eighteenth century. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Presbyterian denominations grew throughout the world. Today, there are an estimated 35 million Presbyterians in dozens of countries. The Oxford Handbook of Presbyterianism provides a state of the art reference tool written by leading scholars in the fields of religious studies and history. These thirty five articles cover major facets of Presbyterian history, theological beliefs, worship practices, ecclesiastical forms and structures, as well as important ethical, political, and educational issues. Eschewing parochial and sectarian triumphalism, prominent scholars address their particular topics objectively and judiciously.
The Westminster Assembly is celebrated for its doctrinal standards and debates on church polity. But how often is the assembly noted for its extraordinary intervention in the pulpit ministry of the Church of England? In God’s Ambassadors , Chad Van Dixhoorn recounts the Puritan quest for a reformation in preachers and preaching and how the Westminster Assembly fit into that movement. He examines the assembly’s reform efforts, tracing debates and exploring key documents about preaching in a way that both highlights disagreements within the assembly’s ranks and showcases their collective plan for the church going forward. Moreover, Van Dixhoorn reveals the rationale behind the assembly’s writings and reforms, both in terms of biblical exegesis and practical theology. Unlike any other book, God’s Ambassadors draws attention to the lengths to which the Westminster Assembly would go in promoting godly preachers and improved preaching. Table of Contents: Part I: Blind Guides and Scandalous Ministers 1. The Call to Reform 2. The Road to Reform 3. "Democratick Annarchie" Part II: A Reforming Assembly 4. Purifying Pulpits: Assembly Examinations 5. The Pastor's Office: Assembly Debates 6. Ordaining Preachers: The Directory for Ordination 7. Directions for Preaching: The Directory for Public Worship Part III: In Theory 8. On Preachers: Godly, Trained, and Ordained 9. On Preaching: The Word of God as the Ordinary Means of Grace 10. On Preaching: Audible and Visible Words 11. On Preaching: Christ-Centered Sermons 12. On Preaching: Christ-Centered Exegesis 13. On Study and Style: "The Spirit's Working" Appendix A: The Duties of a Minister Appendix B: The Directory for Ordination Appendix C: The Subdirectory for Preaching
For over a thousand years translators have attempted to find the perfect English voice for The Book of Job. That challenge has attracted a broad spectrum of men and women, ranging from a member of parliament to a beggar, from a Kentish wool merchant to the Earl of Winchilsea, from the first woman to translate a book of the Bible to the Metropolitan of Canada, from a chronologer of the City of London to the secretary for the American Continental Congress, and from the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Philadelphia to a British officer of the Raj. In accessible, lively prose, The Books of Job begins by exploring the ways these men and women have used their translations of Job for everything from royalist apologetics to revolutionary polemics, from orthodox endorsements of traditional beliefs to highly heterodox speculations, and from feminist theories to idiosyncratic metrical experiments. While celebrating the conversation that these translators have with each other and their original sources, the first section places their work in particular moments of political, literary, and theological history. The second section offers a composite translation from fifty of these versions to provide as wide a variety of voices and styles as possible. The very breadth and creativity of these remarkable translations show how eclectic, compelling, and paradoxical the colloquy on Job has been. In the last section, a bibliography of translations through 1900, each author’s interpretation of one unremarkable but ambiguous verse offers a basis for tracing the English Job from Aelfric, Coverdale, and the Geneva Bible to Elizabeth Smith, Rabbi Isaac Leeser, and Noah Webster.
Exploring the significance of Judas Iscariot for Christian theology and the difficult issues surrounding Judas, Anthony Cane shows that focusing on the tension between providential and tragic interpretations of Judas in the New Testament and in subsequent writing about Judas, is the key to understanding his significance. Building on the work of Karl Barth and Donald MacKinnon, Cane's argument sheds light not simply on the way Judas is understood, but on the way Jesus and the whole economy of salvation are understood. This book also highlights implications for the way in which issues relating to anti-Semitism and evil and suffering are most effectively explored.