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The definitive book on mining the Web from the preeminent authority.
This essay relates together, in a clear and concise manner, four major groups of grammatical meanings — evidentiality for information source, egophopricity for access to knowledge, mirativity for expectation of knowledge, and epistemic modality for attitude to knowledge.
Whilst enterprise technology departments have been steadily building their information and knowledge management portfolios, the Internet has generated new sets of tools and capabilities which provide opportunities and challenges for improving and enriching knowledge work. This book fills the gap between strategy and technology by focussing upon the functional capabilities of Web 2.0 in corporate environments and matching these to specific types of information requirement and behaviour. It takes a resource based view of the firm: why and how can the knowledge capabilities and information assets of organisations be better leveraged using Web 2.0 tools?Identifying the underlying benefits requires the use of frameworks beyond profitability and cost control. Some of these perspectives are not in the usual business vocabulary, but when applied, demonstrate the role that can be played by Web 2.0, how to manage towards these and how to assess success. Transactive memory systems, social uncertainty, identity theory, network dynamics, complexity theory, organisational memory and the demographics of inter- generational change are not part of normal business parlance but can be used to clarify Web 2.0 application and potentiality. - Written by a well-respected practitioner and academic - Draws on the author's practical experience as a technology developer, designer, senior manager and researcher - Provides approaches to understanding and tackling real-world problems
This book brings together three great motifs of the network society: the seeking and using of information by individuals and groups; the creation and application of knowledge in organizations; and the fundamental transformation of these activities as they are enacted on the Internet and the World Wide Web. Of the three, the study of how individuals and groups seek information probably has the longest history, beginning with the early "information needs and uses" studies soon after the Second World War. The study of organizations as knowledge-based social systems is much more recent, and really gained momentum only within the last decade or so. The study of the World Wide Web as information and communication media is younger still, but has generated tremendous excitement, partly because it has the potential to reconfigure the ways in which people seek information and use knowledge, and partly because it offers new methods of analyzing and measuring how in fact such information and knowledge work gets done. As research endeavors, these streams overlap and share conceptual constructs, perspectives, and methods of analysis. Although these overlaps and shared concerns are sometimes apparent in the published research, there have been few attempts to connect these ideas explicitly and identify cross-disciplinary themes. This book is an attempt to fill this void. The three authors of this book possess contrasting backgrounds and thus adopt complementary vantage points to observe information seeking and knowledge work.
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) is a research field concerned with deriving higher-level insights from data. The tasks performed in this field are knowledge intensive and can benefit from additional knowledge from various sources, so many approaches have been proposed that combine Semantic Web data with the data mining and knowledge discovery process. This book, Exploiting Semantic Web Knowledge Graphs in Data Mining, aims to show that Semantic Web knowledge graphs are useful for generating valuable data mining features that can be used in various data mining tasks. In Part I, Mining Semantic Web Knowledge Graphs, the author evaluates unsupervised feature generation strategies from types and relations in knowledge graphs used in different data mining tasks such as classification, regression, and outlier detection. Part II, Semantic Web Knowledge Graphs Embeddings, proposes an approach that circumvents the shortcomings introduced with the approaches in Part I, developing an approach that is able to embed complete Semantic Web knowledge graphs in a low dimensional feature space where each entity and relation in the knowledge graph is represented as a numerical vector. Finally, Part III, Applications of Semantic Web Knowledge Graphs, describes a list of applications that exploit Semantic Web knowledge graphs like classification and regression, showing that the approaches developed in Part I and Part II can be used in applications in various domains. The book will be of interest to all those working in the field of data mining and KDD.
The book series "Smart Computing Applications" provides a platform for researchers, academicians and practitioners to exchange ideas on recent theoretical and applied data science and computing technologies research, with a particular attention to the possible applications of such technologies in the industry, especially in the field of mechanical and industrial engineering. This series serves as a valuable resource for graduate, postgraduate, doctoral students, researchers, academicians and industry professionals.
The growth of machines and users of the Internet has led to the proliferation of all sorts of data concerning individuals, institutions, companies, governments, universities, and all kinds of known objects and events happening everywhere in daily life. Scientific knowledge is not an exception to the data boom. The phenomenon of data growth in science pushes forth as the number of scientific papers published doubles every 9–15 years, and the need for methods and tools to understand what is reported in scientific literature becomes evident. As the number of academicians and innovators swells, so do the number of publications of all types, yielding outlets of documents and depots of authors and institutions that need to be found in Bibliometric databases. These databases are dug into and treated to hand over metrics of research performance by means of Scientometrics that analyze the toil of individuals, institutions, journals, countries, and even regions of the world. The objective of this book is to assist students, professors, university managers, government, industry, and stakeholders in general, understand which are the main Bibliometric databases, what are the key research indicators, and who are the main players in university rankings and the methodologies and approaches that they employ in producing ranking tables. The book is divided into two sections. The first looks at Scientometric databases, including Scopus and Google Scholar as well as institutional repositories. The second section examines the application of Scientometrics to world-class universities and the role that Scientometrics can play in competition among them. It looks at university rankings and the methodologies used to create these rankings. Individual chapters examine specific rankings that include: QS World University Scimago Institutions Webometrics U-Multirank U.S. News & World Report The book concludes with a discussion of university performance in the age of research analytics.
Want your web site to display more quickly? This book presents 14 specific rules that will cut 25% to 50% off response time when users request a page. Author Steve Souders, in his job as Chief Performance Yahoo!, collected these best practices while optimizing some of the most-visited pages on the Web. Even sites that had already been highly optimized, such as Yahoo! Search and the Yahoo! Front Page, were able to benefit from these surprisingly simple performance guidelines. The rules in High Performance Web Sites explain how you can optimize the performance of the Ajax, CSS, JavaScript, Flash, and images that you've already built into your site -- adjustments that are critical for any rich web application. Other sources of information pay a lot of attention to tuning web servers, databases, and hardware, but the bulk of display time is taken up on the browser side and by the communication between server and browser. High Performance Web Sites covers every aspect of that process. Each performance rule is supported by specific examples, and code snippets are available on the book's companion web site. The rules include how to: Make Fewer HTTP Requests Use a Content Delivery Network Add an Expires Header Gzip Components Put Stylesheets at the Top Put Scripts at the Bottom Avoid CSS Expressions Make JavaScript and CSS External Reduce DNS Lookups Minify JavaScript Avoid Redirects Remove Duplicates Scripts Configure ETags Make Ajax Cacheable If you're building pages for high traffic destinations and want to optimize the experience of users visiting your site, this book is indispensable. "If everyone would implement just 20% of Steve's guidelines, the Web would be adramatically better place. Between this book and Steve's YSlow extension, there's reallyno excuse for having a sluggish web site anymore." -Joe Hewitt, Developer of Firebug debugger and Mozilla's DOM Inspector "Steve Souders has done a fantastic job of distilling a massive, semi-arcane art down to a set of concise, actionable, pragmatic engineering steps that will change the world of web performance." -Eric Lawrence, Developer of the Fiddler Web Debugger, Microsoft Corporation
The FSTA Thesaurus is an invaluable search aid for users of the FSTA database, and an excellent reference tool for food and nutrition libraries. This eighth edition contains 10,246 carefully chosen keywords that relate to the fields of food science, food technology and food-related human nutrition, and includes the Latin names of many microbial, plant and animal species. For more information on the products and services from IFIS Publishing visit our website, www.foodsciencecentral.com.
Theoretically, the term "script" appears to be rather ill-defined. This book clarifies the use of the term "script" in education. It approaches the term from at least three perspectives: cognitive psychology perspective, computer science perspective, and an educational perspective. The book provides learners with scripts that support them both in communication/coordination and in higher-order learning.