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This book analyzes the effect on consumer welfare of settlements of patent infringement lawsuits that consist of a royalty-free license for delayed entry by a potentially infringing horizontal competitor of the incumbent patent-holder. Settlements that split the remaining patent life in a way that reflects the expected outcome of the trial do not in general improve consumer welfare compared to the litigation alternative. This result arises because such settlements can undermine potential entrants' incentives to challenge the incumbent's monopoly. If settlements of patent infringement lawsuits cause a reduction in the investment in development of competing products, consumers may prefer that the parties to such disputes litigate rather than settle.
I analyze the effect on consumer welfare of settlements of patent infringement lawsuits that consist of a royalty-free license for delayed entry by a potentially infringing horizontal competitor of the incumbent patent-holder. Settlements that split the remaining patent life in a way that reflects the expected outcome of the trial do not in general improve consumer welfare compared to the litigation alternative. This result arises because such settlements can undermine potential entrants' incentives to challenge the incumbent's monopoly. If settlements of patent infringement lawsuits cause a reduction in the investment in development of competing products, consumers may prefer that the parties to such disputes litigate rather than settle.
Another Bite at the Apple: A Guide to Section 2255 Motions for Federal Prisoners is the first book of its kind to focus on the special procedures and concerns that arise when a prisoner moves to Avacate, set aside, or correct a federal conviction or sentence under Section 2255. This book is especially important now as Section 2255 proceedings have become significantly more complex with the enactment of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act.
Approved by the FDA in 2005 as the first drug with a race-specific indication on its label, BiDil was touted as a pathbreaking therapy to treat heart failure in black patients. Kahn reveals that, at the most basic level, BiDil became racial through legal maneuvering and commercial pressure as much as through medical understandings of how the drug worked. He examines the legal and calls for a more reasoned approach to using race in biomedical research and practice.
The essential tax reference book for every nonprofit Nonprofits enjoy privileges not available to other organizations. But these privileges come with obligations: Nonprofits must comply with special IRS rules and regulations to maintain their tax-exempt status. Practical, comprehensive, and easy to understand, Every Nonprofit’s Tax Guide explains ongoing and annual IRS compliance requirements for nonprofits, including: a detailed explanation of Form 990 requirements for filing Form 990-EZ electronically conflicts of interest and compensation rules charitable giving rules unrelated taxable business income rules lobbying and political activity restrictions, and nonprofit bookkeeping. Whether you are just starting your nonprofit or are well established, you’ll find all the information you need to avoid the most common issues nonprofits run into with the IRS. With Downloadable Forms Find policy documents and forms, including a sample conflict of interest policy, rebuttable presumption checklist, and expense report form inside the book.
Today's copyright wars can seem unprecedented. Sparked by the digital revolution that has made copyright—and its violation—a part of everyday life, fights over intellectual property have pitted creators, Hollywood, and governments against consumers, pirates, Silicon Valley, and open-access advocates. But while the digital generation can be forgiven for thinking the dispute between, for example, the publishing industry and Google is completely new, the copyright wars in fact stretch back three centuries—and their history is essential to understanding today’s battles. The Copyright Wars—the first major trans-Atlantic history of copyright from its origins to today—tells this important story. Peter Baldwin explains why the copyright wars have always been driven by a fundamental tension. Should copyright assure authors and rights holders lasting claims, much like conventional property rights, as in Continental Europe? Or should copyright be primarily concerned with giving consumers cheap and easy access to a shared culture, as in Britain and America? The Copyright Wars describes how the Continental approach triumphed, dramatically increasing the claims of rights holders. The book also tells the widely forgotten story of how America went from being a leading copyright opponent and pirate in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to become the world’s intellectual property policeman in the late twentieth. As it became a net cultural exporter and its content industries saw their advantage in the Continental ideology of strong authors’ rights, the United States reversed position on copyright, weakening its commitment to the ideal of universal enlightenment—a history that reveals that today’s open-access advocates are heirs of a venerable American tradition. Compelling and wide-ranging, The Copyright Wars is indispensable for understanding a crucial economic, cultural, and political conflict that has reignited in our own time.
Examining the role of engineering in delivery of quality consumer products, this expansive resource covers the development and design of procedures, equipment, and systems utilized in the production and conversion of raw materials into food and nonfood consumer goods. With nearly 2000 photographs, figures, tables, and equations including 128 color figures the book emphasizes and illustrates the various engineering processes associated with the production of materials with agricultural origin. With contributions from more than 350 experts and featuring more than 200 entries and 3600 references, this is the largest and most comprehensive guide on raw production technology.