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"Presents and compares all major stormwater/runoff control strategies ; New data on pollutant removal efficiencies, design, costs, environmental impacts and more ; Where and why to use the best techniques for limiting/monitoring diffuse pollution ; Provides the tools to meet regulations and improve water quality in urban/suburban watersheds"--From publisher's description.
This guide examines permanent structural techniques, or Best Management Practices (BMPs), which can be used for retrofitting the stormwater management systems in existing developed areas. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are explained to help engineering professionals select the BMP (or series of BMPs) best suited for removing pollutants from stormwater runoff at a particular location. The design factors considered include land availability, type of pollutant to be removed, groundwater levels, soil types, BMP costs, maintenance costs, and desired pollutant removal efficiency. The BMPs evaluated are ponds, alum treatment systems, constructed wetlands, sand filters, baffle boxes, inlet devices, vegetated swales, buffer strips, and infiltration/exfiltration trenches. A BMP Selection Guide, in an easy-to-use matrix format, aids in the decision-making process for BMP selections. Five design factors and five pollutant types (total suspended solids, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, heavy metals, and floating trash) are evaluated for each BMP in the matrix. BMPs presented in this guide were chosen based upon common availability, ease of maintenance, and an established track record.
This collection contains 49 papers presented at an Engineering Foundation Conference, held in Snowmass Village, Colorado, August 19-24, 2001.
This technical note describes the need for and use of a variety of best management practices (BMPs) for urban and agricultural watersheds as a means to manage, protect, and restore the quality of water resources.
Pollutants from storm water runoff in urban and developing areas degrade water quality. The implementation of storm water Best Management Practices (BMPs) is one way to reduce non-point source pollution. Although there are many varieties of BMPs available, the selection of a cost effective BMP that meets water quality, flood control, site limitation, and other constraints is not an easy problem because it involves minimizing economic costs while simultaneously meeting watershed management objectives. A watershed model that combines BMP efficiency, downstream water quality response, while minimizing associated economic costs is a good logical approach to this problem. In this study, a rigorous mathematical optimization model was developed to produce a least cost or optimal mix of BMP types in a watershed. The modeling approach is based on a mixed integer linear programming formulation that is solved by an optimization software package. The principal focus of this research is to develop a useful planning and decision making tool which minimizes BMP costs subject to meeting water quality, flood control, site limitation, and other physical constraints.