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Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - Topic: International Organisations, grade: 1.7, University of Tubingen (Institut fuer Politikwissenschaft), course: International Relations (Seminar), language: English, abstract: This essay’s general interest is in whether international trade institutions comply with a sense of justice. Concretely speaking, it is to be analysed whether the outcome of a specific international trade negotiation, namely the Uruguay Round, which lasted from 1983 to 1994, is to be judged as “just” or “unjust”. Fulfilling this task, this essay at first displays a concept to define the very abstract term of justice. The regarded definition will be mainly according to Cecilia Albin. The second part of this essay provides a summary of main features of the Uruguay Round’s final act, the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Although other sections of the agreement are highly interesting, too, these two fields prove to be extraordinarily useful for this paper’s purpose. Nevertheless it is the my intention to point on other issues of interest for instance labour standards or the further development since 1994 in this essay where it seems helpful and possible. The chapter summarizing the Uruguay Round’s outcome is mainly based on World Trade Organisation (WTO) sources, to insure that no subliminal judgement is included or at least none already supporting the view of the later discussed criticism. The third section analyses the Uruguay Round’s outcome concerning agriculture and intellectual property. The criticism is derived from economic authors like Dasgupta and Sander/Inotai and development orientated NGOs like OXFAM as well. In most cases the analysis is critical of the agreement, at the same time avoiding the word “justice”. This gap shall be filled by the author’s assessment of the criticism, judging it, and linking it explicitly to the question of justice. At the end of the essay I want to draw a conclusion about justice in the Uruguay Round agreement, also taking into consideration recent developments within the agreement of the WTO, and referring to the question raised at the beginning of this introduction about ethics and morality in IR.
Key players in world trade policy formation discuss the origins of the World Trade Organization--and where it is going
Tracing the history and evolution of the Uruguay Round, this book seeks to explain how it came about, why it covered the subjects it did, what the participants sought, & the twists, turns, setbacks & successes in each sector of the negotiations.
This collection of essays is dedicated to Arthur Dunkel who presided over the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) between 1980 und 1993. As Director-General during a crucial period for international trade, he is credited with being the chief architect of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations. Among the contributors in this volume are not only distinguished trade policy makers of today, eminent academics from international economics and law, and leaders of international institutions and business, but also prominent players in the Uruguay Round negotiations. Their experiences, reminiscences and analyses make this volume a unique contribution, offering a rare insight into what went into the Uruguay Round and the making of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and what lies beyond.
The Uruguay Round was an important set of multilateral trade negotiations, with far-rearching implications for world growth and trade. This is a concise analysis of the key provisions and economic implications of the Final Act of the Uruguay Round of the GATT Agreement.
The completion of the Uruguay Round of negotiations has resulted in the creation of important international agreements. This book examines the implementation of the GATT agreement and its national and international legal and constitutional ramifications
This guide explains the rules of the Uruguay Round trade agreements and their implementation. It provides an overview of the achievements of the Uruguay Round, and explains the role of the World Trade Organization. It also presents the rules applicable to trade and examines their implications for trade liberalization, reviewing the main features of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the provisions of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).
Contains GATT, GATS, TRIPS, the new dispute settlement procedures and the legal framework of the WTO.
The History and Future of the World Trade Organization is a comprehensive account of the economic, political and legal issues surrounding the creation of the WTO and its evolution. Fully illustrated with colour and black-and-white photos dating back to the early days of trade negotiations, the publication reviews the WTO's achievements as well as the challenges faced by the organisation, and identifies the key questions that WTO members need to address in the future. The book describes the intellectual roots of the trading system, membership of the WTO and the growth of the Geneva trade community, trade negotiations and the development of coalitions among the membership, and the WTO's relations with other international organisations and civil society. Also covered are the organisation's robust dispute settlement rules, the launch and evolution of the Doha Round, the rise of regional trade agreements, and the leadership and management of the WTO.