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Excerpt from The Upanishads, Vol. 2: The Katha-Upanishad; The Mundaka-Upanishad; The Taittiriyaka-Upanishad; The Brihadaranyaka-Upanishad; The Svetasvatara-Upanishad; The Prasna-Upanishad; The Maitrayana-Brahmana-Upanishad These eleven have sometimes 2 been called the old and genuine Upanishads, though I should be satisfied to call them the eleven classical Upanishads, or the fundamental Upanishads Of the Vedanta philosophy. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Katha Kathopanishad comes from the Yajurveda. It is the story of Nachiketas, son of Vajashravas, discussing the important question of Death and immortality with Yama the Lord of Death. This ancient story, mentioned in various other scriptures, is discussed in the Kathopanishad in detail. Kathopanishad is one of the ten principal Upanishads. Prashna As the name indicates, it is an Upanishad that questions everything including the concept of the Guru and Disciple. A great rishi proclaims to his students that if they abide with him for sometime, at the end of that period he would teach them the Truth if he himself has understood it. Adi Shankara has written an excellent commentary on Prashna which is again one of the principal Upanishads. Mundaka The Mundaka Upanishad too is one of the principal Upanishads and derives its name from the shaven head of the renunciant. Therefore the central theme of the Upanishad is the Brahman, the Supreme Truth and the only Reality, and how to understand it. Paraa vidya or the science of Reality is discussed in contrast to Aparaa vidya, knowledge of this illusory, material world. The path to the Truth is described to be akin to walking on the razor's edge.
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The Upaniṣads are among the most sacred foundational scriptures in the Hindu religion. Composed from 800 BCE onwards and making up part of the larger Vedic corpus, they offer the reader "knowledge lessons" on life, death, and immortality. While they are essential to understanding Hinduism and Asian religions more generally, their complexities make them almost impenetrable to anyone but serious scholars of Sanskrit and ancient Indian culture. This book is divided into five parts: Composition, authorship, and transmission of the Upaniṣads; The historical, cultural, and religious background of the Upaniṣads; Religion and philosophy in the Upaniṣads; The classical Upaniṣads; The later Upaniṣads. The chapters cover critical issues such as the origins of the Upaniṣads, authorship, and redaction, as well as exploring the broad religious and philosophical themes within the texts. The guide analyzes each of the Upaniṣads separately, unpacking their contextual relevance and explaining difficult terms and concepts. The Upaniṣads: A Complete Guide is a unique and valuable reference source for undergraduate religious studies, history, and philosophy students and researchers who want to learn more about these foundational sacred texts and the religious lessons in the Hindu tradition.
The Upanishads are a collection of texts in the Vedic Sanskrit languagewhich contain the earliest emergence of some of the central religious concepts of Hinduism, some of which are shared with Buddhism and Jainism. The Upanishads are considered by Hindus to contain revealed truths (Sruti) concerning the nature of ultimate reality (brahman) and describing the character and form of human salvation (moksha). The Upanishadic age was characterized by a pluralism of worldviews. While some Upanishads have been deemed 'monistic', others, including the Katha Upanishad, are dualistic. The Maitri is one of the Upanishads that inclines more toward dualism, thus grounding classical Samkhya and Yoga, in contrast to the non-dualistic Upanishads eventuating in Vedanta. They contain a plurality of ideas, which only by the later Vedanta-schools were tried to reconcile. The Upanishads are treatises on Brahman-knowledge, that is knowledge of Ultimate Hidden Reality, and their presentation of philosophy presumes, it is by a strictly personal effort that one can reach the truth. In the Upanishads, states Radhakrishnan, knowledge is a means to freedom, and philosophy is the pursuit of wisdom by a way of life. The Upanishads include sections on philosophical theories that have been at the foundation of Indian traditions. For example, the Chandogya Upanishad includes one of the earliest known declaration of Ahimsa (non-violence) as an ethical precept. Discussion of other ethical premises such as Damah (temperance, self-restraint), Satya (truthfulness), Dana (charity), Arjava (non-hypocrisy), Daya (compassion) and others are found in the oldest Upanishads and many later Upanishads. Similarly, the Karma doctrine is presented in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, which is the oldest Upanishad. List of Works: Khandogya-upanishad. Talavakara Kena-upanishad. Aitareya-aranyaka. Kaushitaki-brahmana-upanishad. Vagasaneyi-samhita-upanishad. Katha-upanishad. Mundaka-upanishad. Taittiriyaka-upanishad. Brihadaranyaka-upanishad. Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Svetasvatara-upanishad. Prasna-upanishad. Maitrayana-brahmana-upanishad
Discussion on the principal Upanishads.