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How do human languages transmit complex information about the properties of phrases over arbitrarily large structural distances? This fundamental and difficult question is raised by the phenomenon of extraction. Extraction has driven the devlopment of syntactic theory over the past three and a half decades. However, there has been no consensus on what form the connectivity mechanism should take. A number of recent, mutually incompatible theoretical approaches share the general view that extraction is not a unitary phenomenon. This monograph argues that when a broader range of data is considered, the supporting arguments of this view are radically undercut. Levine and Hukari conclude that the grammar of extraction connectivity is relatively simple, homogeneous with respect to construction type and uniform with respect to the position of the extractee. Book jacket.
This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human communication systems: the fact that words that go together in meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. In the sentence This is technology that most people think about, but rarely consider the implications of, theword "technology" is interpreted as if it were simultaneously next to the words "about" and "of". This kind of long-distance dependency has been the subject of intense linguistic and "It fully supports the course and I would highly recommend it."--Karen Shury, University of West LondonDNUFamily Law takes a practical approach to family law and procedure, supporting students with a range of learning features such as self-test questions, chapter summaries, and diagrams. Case studies and examples are included throughout to show the practicalapplications of the law and are accompanied by worked sample documents.Covers all family law topics taught on the LPC, including both adult and child law, making it suitable for a wide range of modules.Also suitable for legal apprentices or students enrolled on other vocational courses.Providesfocused, clearly written chapters which include summaries and self-test questions to help reinforce
With exercises based on real language data, this volume gives a comprehensive introduction to construction grammar, focusing on English.
An examination of the structure of language and how it obeys physical and mathematical laws.
This Handbook represents the development of research and the current level of knowledge in the fields of syntactic theory and syntax analysis. Syntax can look back to a long tradition. Especially in the last 50 years, however, the interaction between syntactic theory and syntactic analysis has led to a rapid increase in analyses and theoretical suggestions. This second edition of the Handbook on Syntax adopts a unifying perspective and therefore does not place the division of syntactic theory into several schools to the fore, but the increase in knowledge resulting from the fruitful argumentations between syntactic analysis and syntactic theory. It uses selected phenomena of individual languages and their cross-linguistic realizations to explain what syntactic analyses can do and at the same time to show in what respects syntactic theories differ from each other. It investigates how syntax is related to neighbouring disciplines and investigate the role of the interfaces especially the relationship between syntax and phonology, morphology, compositional semantics, pragmatics, and the lexicon. The phenomena chosen bring together renowned experts in syntax, and represent the consensus reached as to what has to be considered as an important as well as illustrative syntactic phenomenon. The phenomena discuss do not only serve to show syntactic analyses, but also to compare theoretical approaches with each other.
An advanced-level introductory textbook taking a critical, practical approach to the analysis of syntactic structures.
This book presents a detailed examination of the unusual agreement system of Archi, an endangered language spoken in southern Dagestan (Russia), from the perspective of three different syntactic theories: Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, and Minimalism.
In syntactic analysis, as in linguistics generally, the skills required to first identify, and then make sense of, complex patterns in linguistic data involve a certain specific kind of reasoning, where various alternatives are entertained and modified in light of progressively broader empirical coverage. Rather than focus on transmitting the details of complex theoretical superstructures, this textbook takes a practical, analytical approach, starting from a small set of powerful analytic tools, applied first to simple phenomena and then to the passive, complement and raising/control constructions. The analytic tools are then applied to unbounded dependencies, via detailed argumentation. What emerges is that syntactic structure, and intricate networks of dependencies linking different parts of those structures, are straightforward projections of lexical valence, in tandem with very general rules regulating the sharing of feature values. Featuring integrated exercises and problems throughout each chapter, this book equips students with the analytical tools for recognizing and assessing linguistic patterns.
Syntax – the study of sentence structure – has been at the centre of generative linguistics from its inception and has developed rapidly and in various directions. The Cambridge Handbook of Generative Syntax provides a historical context for what is happening in the field of generative syntax today, a survey of the various generative approaches to syntactic structure available in the literature and an overview of the state of the art in the principal modules of the theory and the interfaces with semantics, phonology, information structure and sentence processing, as well as linguistic variation and language acquisition. This indispensable resource for advanced students, professional linguists (generative and non-generative alike) and scholars in related fields of inquiry presents a comprehensive survey of the field of generative syntactic research in all its variety, written by leading experts and providing a proper sense of the range of syntactic theories calling themselves generative.
The Minimalist Program has advanced a research program that builds the design of human language from conceptual necessity. Seminal proposals by Frampton & Gutmann (1999, 2000, 2002) introduced the notion that an ideal syntactic theory should be crash-proof . Such a version of the Minimalist Program (or any other linguistic theory) would not permit syntactic operations to produce structures that crash . There have, however, been some recent developments in Minimalism especially those that approach linguistic theory from a biolinguistic perspective (cf. Chomsky 2005 et seq.) that have called the pursuit of a crash-proof grammar into serious question. The papers in this volume take on the daunting challenge of defining exactly what a crash is and what a crash-proof grammar would look like, and of investigating whether or not the pursuit of a crash-proof grammar is biolinguistically appealing."