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This book, Space Capstone Publication Spacepower: Doctrine for Space Forces, is capstone doctrine for the United States Space Force and represents our Service's first articulation of an independent theory of spacepower. This publication answers why spacepower is vital for our Nation, how military spacepower is employed, who military space forces are, and what military space forces value. In short, this capstone document is the foundation of our professional body of knowledge as we forge an independent military Service committed to space operations. Like all doctrine, the SCP remains subject to the policies and strategies that govern its employment. Military spacepower has deterrent and coercive capacities - it provides independent options for National and Joint leadership but achieves its greatest potential when integrated with other forms of military power. As we grow spacepower theory and doctrine, we must do so in a way that fosters greater integration with the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. It is only by achieving true integration and interdependence that we can hope to unlock spacepower's full potential.
Since 1957, U.S. space policy has grappled with the question: should the space domain be governed by developing international law, or openly weaponized for national security? Has the creation of the Space Force settled this tension once and for all?
Contains papers presented at the Air Force Historical Foundation Symposium, held at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, on September 21-22, 1995. Topics addressed are: Pt. 1, The Formative Years, 1945-1961; Pt. 2, Mission Development and Exploitation Since 1961; and Pt. 3, Military Space Today and Tomorrow. Includes notes, abbreviations & acronyms, an index, and photographs.
The influence of space power pervades almost every sphere and level of human existence, from politics to military affairs to commercial activities to cultural mind-sets. Yet there is little to be found today in the way of coherent space power doctrine and strategy, particularly in national security circles. To what extent do our national interests rely on space? How shall we defend our interests in space and how shall we deny our adversaries the benefits of space power in time of conflict? How can we control and exploit the space environment? How can we effectively wield space power against the full spectrum of threats -- from the lone terrorist to global peer competitors? What should be our long-range strategy and objectives if our goal is to achieve and maintain long-term space superiority? The purpose of this paper is two fold: first, to illuminate the historical and ever-increasing importance of space in modern society; and second, to prescribe, in view of this importance, the foundations of a strategy for achieving lasting space superiority and ensuring national and world security.
CSIS senior adviser Mark Cancian annually produces a series of white papers on U.S. military forces, including their composition, new initiatives, long-term trends, and challenges. This report is a compilation of these papers and takes a deep look at each of the military services, the new Space Force, special operations forces, DOD civilians, and contractors in the FY 2021 budget. This report further includes a foreword regarding how the Biden administration might approach decisions facing the military forces, drawing on insights from the individual chapters.
On September 5, 2019, a Space Futures conference was hosted by the US Air Force Space Command which analyzed evolving conditions in space up to 2060. Eight possible negative and positive futures were identified, the optimal being a "Star Trek Future" which would involve countries with space programs forming a multinational alliance collaborating in civil, military and commercial affairs in space. Today, the emergence of Space Force, signing of the Artemis Accords, and creation of NATO's Space Center promise to be the fulcrum for ushering in this Star Trek scenario. Such a future is not assured however due to the existence of uncooperative rival space programs of China and Russia. Could one or both launch a Space Pearl Harbor that could devastate the entire US GPS system, as predicted 20 years ago by a blue-ribbon Space Commission? Also, there is the wildcard of numerous secret space programs possessing reverse-engineered antigravity craft. Their existence is not officially acknowledged by major nations, but their space activities pose major challenges to a Star Trek future. Will Space Force be able to integrate the US based secret space programs or will these and their foreign counterparts be obstacles to its future operations? The ultimate question is how the existence of extraterrestrial life will factor into the activities of Space Force and its allies space forces. Will extraterrestrial visitors respond in a benign or a belligerent way to Space Force setting up a multinational space coalition to militarily project humanity's presence far into our solar system and beyond? How will a future "Starfleet" with Space Force and NATO at its core have to deal with rogue secret space programs and alien life operating throughout our solar system? The US Navy secret space program reportedly has space battle groups built with the assistance of friendly human looking 'Nordic' extraterrestrials. Under what conditions will the Navy surrender authority over them to combine with Space Force? Space Force Our Star Trek Future provides answers to these and many other critical questions about humanity's bold emergence as an interplanetary space power.
The proliferation of counterspace weapons across the globe often calls into question what can be done to best protect satellites from attack. This analysis from the CSIS Aerospace Security Project addresses different methods and technologies that can be used by the United States government, and others, to deter adversaries from attack. A wide range of active and passive defenses are available to protect space systems and the ground infrastructure they depend upon from different types of threats. This report captures a range of active and passive defenses that are theoretically possible and discusses the advantages and limitations of each. A group of technical space and national security experts supported the analysis by working through several plausible scenarios that explore a range of defenses that may be needed, concepts for employing different types of defenses, and how defensive actions in space may be perceived by others. These scenarios and the findings that resulted from subsequent conversations with experts are reported in the penultimate chapter of the report. Finally, the CSIS Aerospace Security Project team offers conclusions drawn from the analysis, actionable recommendations for policymakers, and additional research topics to be explored in future work.
Analysis of the FY 2022 Defense Budget from the CSIS Defense Budget Analysis program provides an in-depth assessment of the Biden administration’s request for national defense funding in FY 2022. It outlines priorities for the ongoing and completed strategic reviews—including the National Defense Strategy, Nuclear Posture Review, Missile Defense Review, and Global Posture Review—and their potential budgetary effects. The report concludes by assessing current congressional action on defense appropriations for FY 2022 and identifying key issues for the FY 2023 budget request.
With a focus on China, the United States, and India, this book examines the economic ambitions of the second space race. The authors argue that space ambitions are informed by a combination of factors, including available resources, capability, elite preferences, and talent pool. The authors demonstrate how these influences affect the development of national space programs as well as policy and law.