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Few regions have seen more tragedy in the post-Cold War worlds than parts of sub-Saharan Africa, a region remarkable for the number of external military interventions in the 199Os. The United States has conducted a wide variety of military involvements in the region over the past decade. While humanitarian relief and peace operations have generated the most publicity, other more routine military relationships and activities are of far greater long-term significance. Taken as a whole, U.S. policy in Africa tends to be reactive rather than proactive. This severely undermines its ability to protect the nation's regional interests. Unwillingness to attenuate regional problems in the their early stages leads to expensive crisis interventions. More effective use of military involvements would entail greater effort to shape the regional security environment. In order to improve the value of its African military involvements, the United States should, among other things, develop a coherent "National Security Strategy for Africa," create a unified command (or "sub" command) with sole responsibility for the region and develop mechanisms for objectively measuring the value (to U.S. regional interests) of specific nation assistance programs.
In sub-Saharan Africa, older people make up a relatively small fraction of the total population and are supported primarily by family and other kinship networks. They have traditionally been viewed as repositories of information and wisdom, and are critical pillars of the community but as the HIV/AIDS pandemic destroys family systems, the elderly increasingly have to deal with the loss of their own support while absorbing the additional responsibilities of caring for their orphaned grandchildren. Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa explores ways to promote U.S. research interests and to augment the sub-Saharan governments' capacity to address the many challenges posed by population aging. Five major themes are explored in the book such as the need for a basic definition of "older person," the need for national governments to invest more in basic research and the coordination of data collection across countries, and the need for improved dialogue between local researchers and policy makers. This book makes three major recommendations: 1) the development of a research agenda 2) enhancing research opportunity and implementation and 3) the translation of research findings.