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Paleolimnological records show that since Europeans began settling in the Lake Champlain Basin approximately 250 years ago, the lake has become progressively eutrophic. Eutrophication of freshwater bodies through excess nutrient input has been a major water quality issue worldwide for the past half century (Codd et al., 2005). Certain land use changes, such as the commercialization of agriculture, urbanization, as well as deforestation in the 19th century, may explain some of the observed variability in nutrient and algal biomass accumulation rates in sediments since settlement began. While the underlying causes of productivity rise in Lake Champlain have been inferred from anecdotal evidence, quantitative inferences based on modeled nutrient fluxes are lacking.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 1. Lake Champlain in Transition: From Research Toward Restoration synthesizes research studies on the chemistry, biology, atmospherics, hydrodynamics, hydrology, land use, and management of Lake Champlain and its basin. Additional studies define the cultlural, social, and economic pressures on the lake's ecosystemm. The volume presents research results on lake sediment toxicity and its effect on benthic and aquatic species. Trophic levels were studied, from the impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus on phytoplankton to multiple "trophic cascades" and management implications. Phosphorus loading and subsequent eutrophication was examined by looking at comprehensive loading budgets, a whole-lake mass-balance model, and subsequent management schemes. This comprehensive research effort was undertaken to develop a management plan devoted to preserving the lake ecosystem, and the volume will interest environmental planners and managers as well as limnologists and hydrologists.