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This book tells the story of how the first human organ was replaced by a machine, and how the artificial kidney entered medical and public folk-lore. But the high cost and limited availability of this form of treatment raised ethical questions.
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy provides concise, evidence-based, bedside guidance for the management of critically ill patients with acute renal failure, offering quick reference answers to clinicians' questions about treatments and situations encountered in daily practice.
This book provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the latest findings in a wide spectrum of clinically important aspects of chronic kidney disease (CKD), focusing on clinical diagnosis and therapeutics. CKD is a global health problem with a rising morbidity and mortality. The last decade has seen significant improvements in determining the incidence, prevalence, and complications of CKD, mainly thanks to the definitions of CKD developed by the National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI). However, increased recognition of CKD has led to awareness of the limitations of its clinical diagnosis and treatment, which are essential to patients’ wellbeing. This book is of particular value not only to nephrologists, but also to general practitioners and residents with an interest in CKD. It offers a well-organized exposition of the current knowledge base. Compared with previously published books on kidney disease and CKD, it has a smaller number of more concise chapters. As a result, readers can easily obtain an overview of the most important topics in CKD. We hope that practitioners will gain as much from reading this practical guide to clinical management of CKD as we have from editing it.
A revolutionary program that can indefinitely postpone the need for dialysis If you've been diagnosed with kidney failure, this book could save your life. If you suffer from diabetes, hypertension, obesity, or any of a host of conditions that put you at risk for kidney disease, you owe it to yourself to read what is in this book. If you are among the 60,000 North Americans who go on dialysis each year, the information in this book could substantially improve your quality of life. In Coping with Kidney Disease, a leading expert tells you, in plain English, what you need to know to: * Understand kidney failure * Recognize early warning signs of kidney failure * Get a proper diagnosis * Talk with your doctors about it * Confidently evaluate treatment options * Take charge of your treatment * Delay dialysis or even avoid the need for it altogether The centerpiece of Coping with Kidney Disease is Dr. Walser's revolutionary 12-step program for avoiding dialysis. Based on treatments he has pioneered with his own patients at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, the program calls for a supplemented low-protein diet supported by treatments to control blood pressure and correct high cholesterol. So effective has this breakthrough strategy proven to be that in many patients it actually worked to slow or arrest the progression of kidney failure to the end stage. Knowledge is power. Coping with Kidney Disease empowers you with what you need to take charge of kidney disease.
This translational text offers in-depth reviews of the metabolic and nutritional disorders that are prevalent in patients with renal disease. Chapter topics address the growing epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Each chapter integrates basic and clinical approaches, from cell biology and genetics to diagnosis, patient management and treatment. Chapters in sections 4-7 include new illustrative case reports, and all chapters emphasize key concepts with chapter-ending summaries. New features also include the latest National Kidney Foundation Clinical Practice Guidelines on Nutrition in Chronic Renal Failure, the most recent scientific discoveries and the latest techniques for assessing nutritional status in renal disease, and literature reviews on patients who receive continuous veno-venous hemofiltration with or without dialysis. - Provides a common language for nephrologists, nutritionists, endocrinologists, and other interested physicians to discuss the underlying research and translation of best practices for the nutritional management and prevention of renal disease - Saves clinicians and researchers time in quickly accessing the very latest details on nutritional practice as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles - Correct diagnosis (and therefore correct treatment) of renal, metabolic, and nutritional disorders depends on a strong understanding of the molecular basis for the disease – both nephrologists and nutritionists will benefit - Nephrologists and nutritionists will gain insight into which treatments, medications, and diets to use based on the history, progression, and genetic make-up of a patient - Case Reports will offer an added resource for fellows, nutritionists, and dieticians who need a refresher course
Chronic Renal Disease, Second Edition, comprehensively investigates the physiology, pathophysiology, treatment and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This translational reference takes an in-depth look at CKD with no coverage of dialysis or transplantation. Chapters are devoted to the scientific investigation of chronic kidney disease, the most common problems faced by nephrologists in the management of chronic kidney disease, specific illnesses in the CKD framework, and how the management of CKD in a polycystic kidney disease patient differs from other CKD patients. This award-winning reference features a series of case studies, covering both clinical aspects and pathophysiology. Questions are open ended, progressively more difficult, and repetitive across different patient clinical problems and different chapters. The cases and questions included will be useful for medical students, residency board reviews, and clinician teaching or conference preparation. - Includes case studies and questions which can be used as a teaching tool for medical students and resident - Provides coverage of classification and measurement, epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications of CKD, fluid/electrolyte disorders in CKD, CKD and systemic illnesses, clinical considerations, therapeutic considerations, and special considerations
Increased recognition of the overlap between critical care and renal medicine, and recent advances in the understanding of acute renal failure and the application of renal replacement therapies, have brought increased attention to the nephrologist's role in the intensive care unit (ICU). This book is written to provide an approach for the resident in nephrology, at any level of training, with regards to critically ill patients. This text provides the information necessary to provide care for the nephrology patient in the ICU.
Kidney failure represents a major health economic burden for all people and all nations. Despite the immense number of factors which can cause the initial injury to the kidneys, common response pathways are triggered which, unless broken, will ultimately lead to irreversible fibrosis within the kidneys. Unfortunately, early injuries to the kidneys can frequently be asymptomatic and chronic kidney disease has often developed before the patient has become aware there is a problem. Once established, chronic kidney disease is associated with a high morbidity and mortality for those affected. There has been a large amount of work in recent years focused on the early diagnosis and management of kidney disease to prevent its progression. The purpose of this book is to review the mechanisms which underlie both acute and chronic kidney injury, discuss their diagnosis, complications and management. The first section of this book covers the causes and complications of chronic kidney disease. Initially we review the mechanisms which underlie the progressive fibrosis by which chronic kidney disease progresses. There are then detailed discussions of the cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease. The second section of the book focuses on established end stage renal disease. Reviewing access to renal replacement therapies across ethnicities, the role of home therapies and how their use can be increased and finally we discuss the preparation and maintenance of access for dialysis. The third and final section of the book provides an update for the clinician into the diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury. Specifically the diagnosis and management of renal impairment in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias is reviewed and the prevention of acute kidney injury in the critically ill patient is discussed in detail.
Advances in itch research have elucidated differences between itch and pain but have also blurred the distinction between them. There is a long debate about how somatic sensations including touch, pain, itch, and temperature sensitivity are encoded by the nervous system. Research suggests that each sensory modality is processed along a fixed, direct-line communication system from the skin to the brain. Itch: Mechanisms and Treatment presents a timely update on all aspects of itch research and the clinical treatment of itch that accompanies many dermatological conditions including psoriasis, neuropathic itch, cutaneous t-cells lymphomas, and systemic diseases such as kidney and liver disease and cancer. Composed of contributions from distinguished researchers around the world, the book explores topics such as: Neuropathic itch Peripheral neuronal mechanism of itch The role of PAR-2 in neuroimmune communication and itch Mrgprs as itch receptors The role of interleukin-31 and oncostatin M in itch and neuroimmune communication Spinal coding of itch and pain Spinal microcircuits and the regulation of itch Examining new findings on cellular and molecular mechanisms, the book is a compendium of the most current research on itch, its prevalence in society, and the problems associated with treatment.