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This report examines the interactions among different forms of communication, where travel is also considered a form of communication. Data for this study comes from 148 respondents to the "Activity Diary" survey instrument of the Davis Community Network (DCN) project, which obtained information on 636 uses of DCN. Generation, elimination and modification were considered to be the three major potential results of the present DCN communication and the five major types of communication considered were: in-person, physical object, electronic, in-person with travel, and physical object with travel. New activities were generated due to the use of DCN, a Computer-mediated Communication (CmC) system. Cluster analysis performed on the data to identify patterns of outcomes of the current communication yielded 20 clusters, of which the largest comprised neutral outcomes (no impact on future communication) and the second largest involved generation of electronic communication. A cluster analysis on the media alternatives considered by the respondents yielded 17 clusters of which the largest one was characterized by the "no alternative to DCN" response. Among media characteristics, economy, ease of use, speed and non-disruptiveness were found to be the most significant factors influencing the media choice of individuals. DCN was considered to be faster and cheaper than other forms of communication. Work-related and social/entertainment were the two purposes most frequently offered for the current DCN activity. Impacts of individual characteristics such as age, gender, income level and computer experience on DCN activities were also studied. Recommendations for future research are provided. Keywords: Communication Networks, Communications, Computer Networks, Telecommunication, Travel Behavior
Given its effective techniques and theories from various sources and fields, data science is playing a vital role in transportation research and the consequences of the inevitable switch to electronic vehicles. This fundamental insight provides a step towards the solution of this important challenge. Data Science and Simulation in Transportation Research highlights entirely new and detailed spatial-temporal micro-simulation methodologies for human mobility and the emerging dynamics of our society. Bringing together novel ideas grounded in big data from various data mining and transportation science sources, this book is an essential tool for professionals, students, and researchers in the fields of transportation research and data mining.
Third edition of International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Optimization and as a premium fruit, this book, pursue to gather research leaders, experts and scientists on Intelligent Computing and Optimization to share knowledge, experience and current research achievements. Conference and book provide a unique opportunity for the global community to interact and share novel research results, explorations and innovations among colleagues and friends. This book is published by SPRINGER, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Ca. 100 authors submitted full papers to ICO’2020. That global representation demonstrates the growing interest of the research community here. The book covers innovative and creative research on sustainability, smart cities, meta-heuristics optimization, cyber-security, block chain, big data analytics, IoTs, renewable energy, artificial intelligence, Industry 4.0, modeling and simulation. We editors thank all authors and reviewers for their important service. Best high-quality papers have been selected by the International PC for our premium series with SPRINGER.
In the global information society, innovation is a highly pervasive process that influences all facets of human life: cultural, economic, political, and institutional. A desire to comprehend the impacts of innovative change on so many areas of urban life prompted the research project that has resulted in the publication of this volume. Our research confirms that we are presently in the midst of an era of rapid and explosive change. The primary engine driving this latest transformation of the post-industrial society is generally thought to be technological. But such an explanation is too narrow. Broadly speaking, the age in which we find ourselves could be more aptly described as a global, knowledge-intensive age. Many of today's knowledge-intensive activities, like research and development (R&D) programs, are being conducted with relative ease on a multinational scale. As well as science having an increasing impact on processes of innovation, R&D activities also have become more complex. We can observe a growing sophistication of learning-by-doing among creative economic agents. This more sophisticated era of global knowledge exchange is facilitated by major advances in our infrastructure networks. In this highly interactive world, many innovations are by-products of collective exchanges between cities far apart, simplified by the ease of transport and communication. Thus, there is a need for us to look more closely at various collective sequences of learning, knowledge exchange and innovation in a spatial setting. This is the primary purpose of this book.
Beyond Live/Work: the architecture of home-based work explores the old but neglected building type that combines dwelling and workplace, the ‘workhome’. It traces a previously untold architectural history illustrated by images of largely forgotten buildings. Despite having existed for hundreds, if not thousands, of years in every country across the globe this dual-use building type has long gone unnoticed. This book analyses the lives and premises of 90 contemporary UK and US home-based workers from across the social spectrum and in diverse occupations. It generates a series of typologies and design considerations for the workhome that will be useful for design professionals, students, policy-makers and home-based workers themselves. In the context of a globalising economy, more women in work than ever before and enabling new technologies, the home-based workforce is growing rapidly. Demonstrating how this can be a socially, economically and environmentally sustainable working practice, this book presents the workhome as the house of the future.
Telecommuting has been regarded as a powerful tool to reduce traffic congestion, pollution and energy consumption. It also supposed to improve lifestyle quality and job satisfaction by providing employees with flexible schedules with which to address their work load and personal requirements whilst also enhancing recruitment capability and productivity and significantly reducing costs. Nevertheless, a strong resistance to the adoption of telecommuting still persists. In this book, first published in 1996, state of the art demand modelling techniques are used to delve into critical issues raised by the question of telecommuting. The benefits and costs of telecommuting are investigated in an effort to provide concrete evidence to inform the private sector’s adoption decision process and the public sector’s policy design. This title will be of interest to students of business studies and human resource management.