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English Abstract: This paper proposes the recognition of a new cause of action in tort for acts of torture as defined in international law. After discussing the normative particularities of torture as a hybrid public-private wrong, the author theories on the possibility and desirability of expanding the classical categories of intentional torts to accommodate a new nominate tort of torture. Following the current taxonomy of Canadian tort law, it is suggested that torture could coherently be conceived as a distinct form of trespass against the person or, alternatively, as an especially violent form of misfeasance in public office.French Abstract Cet article propose la reconnaissance d'une nouvelle cause d'action en responsabiliteacute; deacute;lictuelle pour les actes de torture tels qu'ils sont deacute;finis en droit international. Apregrave;s avoir discuteacute; des particulariteacute;s normatives de la torture en tant que tort hybride, soit public et priveacute;, l'auteur avance des theacute;ories sur la possibiliteacute; et l'opportuniteacute; d'eacute;largir les cateacute;gories classiques des deacute;lits intentionnels pour accueillir un nouveau deacute;lit de torture. Agrave; la suite de la taxonomie actuelle du droit canadien de la responsabiliteacute; deacute;lictuelle, il est suggeacute;reacute; que la torture puisse ecirc;tre conccedil;ue de maniegrave;re coheacute;rente comme une forme distincte d'intrusion contre la personne ou, subsidiairement, comme une forme particuliegrave;rement violente d'abus dans les fonctions publiques.
The controversial nature of seeking globalised justice through national courts has become starkly apparent in the wake of the Pinochet case in which the Spanish legal system sought to bring to account under international criminal law the former President of Chile,for violations in Chile of human rights of non-Spaniards. Some have reacted to the involvement of Spanish and British judges in sanctioning a former head of state as nothing more than legal imperialism while others have termed it positive globalisation. While the international legal and associated statutory bases for such criminal prosecutions are firm, the same cannot be said of the enterprise of imposing civil liability for the same human-rights-violating conduct that gives rise to criminal responsibility. In this work leading scholars from around the world address the host of complex issues raised by transnational human rights litigation. There has been, to date, little treatment, let alone a comprehensive assessment, of the merits and demerits of US-style transnational human rights litigation by non-American legal scholars and practitioners. The book seeks not so much to fill this gap as to start the process of doing so, with a view to stimulating debate amongst scholars and policy-makers. The book's doctrinal coverage and analytical inquiries will also be extremely relevant to the world of transnational legal practice beyond the specific question of human rights litigation. Cited in Nevsun Resources Ltd. v. Araya, 2020 SCC 5.
"Transnational Torture by Jinee Lokaneeta reviewed with Prachi Patankar" on the blog Kafila. Evidence of torture at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq and harsh interrogation techniques at Guantánamo Bay beg the question: has the “war on terror” forced liberal democracies to rethink their policies and laws against torture? Transnational Torture focuses on the legal and political discourses on torture in India and the United States—two common-law based constitutional democracies—to theorize the relationship between law, violence, and state power in liberal democracies. Analyzing about one hundred landmark Supreme Court cases on torture in India and the United States, memos and popular imagery of torture, Jinee Lokaneeta compellingly demonstrates that even before recent debates on the use of torture in the war on terror, the laws of interrogation were much more ambivalent about the infliction of excess pain and suffering than most political and legal theorists have acknowledged. Rather than viewing the recent policies on interrogation as anomalous or exceptional, Lokaneeta effectively argues that efforts to accommodate excess violence—a constantly negotiated process—are long standing features of routine interrogations in both the United States and India, concluding that the infliction of excess violence is more central to democratic governance than is acknowledged in western jurisprudence.
Torture is firmly prohibited by international law. It is a crime in all places and at all times. Indeed, torturers are considered 'hostis humani generis' (enemies of all humanity). When someone is tortured, it is an affront to human dignity. When torturers are not held accountable for their actions, it is an affront to justice. Impunity occurs when perpectrators of human rights abuses are not held accountable for their actions. It occurs when perpetrators refuse to acknowledge the wrongfulness of their conduct. It occurs when states refuse to accept responsibility for the acts of government agents. And it occurs when the international community allows perpetrators to go unpunished. Impunity is a problem in all countries, including the United States. For decades, the United Staes has condemned torture and other human rights abuses committed abroad. Yet it has failed to bring to justice the perpetrators of such abuses when they have entered the country. Accordingly, this report, which is part of Amnesty International's Campaign to Stop Torture, sets forth a multi-track strategy to ensure that the United States is not a safe haven for torturers.
This title is a comprehensive treatment of the development of international human rights law, international criminal law and international immunities, and asks whether states and their officials can shield themselves from foreign jurisdiction by invoking international immunity rules when human rights issues are involved.
The international human rights system remains as dynamic as ever. If at the end of the last century there was a sense that the normative and institutional development of the system had been completed and that the emphasis should shift to issues of implementation, nothing of the sort occurred. Even over the last few years significant changes happened, as this book amply demonstrates. We hope that this Manual makes a contribution to the development of International Human Rights Law and is of interest for those working in the field of promotion and protection of human rights. The book is the result of a joint project under the auspices of HumanitarianNet, a Thematic Network led by the University of Deusto, and the European Inter-University Centre for Human Rights and Democratisation (EIUC, Venice).