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As a result of new strategic threats, Europe's land forces are currently undergoing a historic transformation which may reflect wider processes of European integration. Europe's mass, mainly conscript armies are being replaced by smaller, more capable, professionalised militaries concentrated into new operational headquarters and rapid reaction brigades, able to plan, command, and execute global military interventions. At the same time, these headquarters and brigades are co-operating with each other across national borders at a level which would have been inconceivable in the twentieth century. As a result, a transnational military network is appearing in Europe, the forces in which are converging on common forms of military expertise. This book is a groundbreaking study of the military dimensions of European integration, which have been largely ignored until now. It will appeal to scholars across the social sciences interested in the progress of the European project, and the nature of the military today.
NATO member states are all undergoing some form of military transformation. Despite a shared vision, transformation has been primarily a US-led process centered on the exploitation of new information technologies in combination with new concepts for "networked organizations" and "effects-based operations." Simply put, European states have been unable to match the level of US investment in new military technologies, leading to the identification of a growing "transformation gap" between the US and the European allies. This book assesses the extent and trajectory of military transformation across a range of European NATO member states, setting their transformation progress against that of the US, and examining the complex mix of factors driving military transformation in each country. It reveals not only the nature and extent of the transatlantic gap, but also identifies an enormous variation in the extent and pace of transformation among the European allies, suggesting both technological and operational gaps within Europe.
Consisting of eight parts, this book includes the changing nature of the defence of national territory role; expeditionary warfare; peacekeeping and humanitarian intervention; defence diplomacy; domestic military assistance; and internal security. The authors come from a range of different groups involved in defence transformation processes.
This volume provides the first geographically and thematically comprehensive study of the evolution and current state of the national security and defence policies, strategies, doctrines, capabilities, and military operations, as well as the alliances and security partnerships, of European armed forces.
The armed forces of Europe have undergone a dramatic transformation since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Handbook of European Defence Policies and Armed Forces provides the first comprehensive analysis of national security and defence policies, strategies, doctrines, capabilities, and military operations, as well as the alliances and partnerships of European armed forces in response to the security challenges Europe has faced since the end of the cold war. A truly cross-European comparison of the evolution of national defence policies and armed forces remains a notable blind spot in the existing literature. The Handbook of European Defence Policies and Armed Forces aims to fill this gap with fifty-one contributions on European defence and international security from around the world. The six parts focus on: country-based assessments of the evolution of the national defence policies of Europe's major, medium, and lesser powers since the end of the cold war; the alliances and security partnerships developed by European states to cooperate in the provision of national security; the security challenges faced by European states and their armed forces, ranging from interstate through intra-state and transnational; the national security strategies and doctrines developed in response to these challenges; the military capabilities, and the underlying defence and technological industrial base, brought to bear to support national strategies and doctrines; and, finally, the national or multilateral military operations by European armed forces. The contributions to The Handbook collectively demonstrate the fruitfulness of giving analytical precedence back to the comparative study of national defence policies and armed forces across Europe.
This outstanding compendium of articles on Europe's militarysituation as we enter the new millennium has been compiled under the aegis of the GeorgeMarshall European Center for Security Studies. The leading analysts of military studies in everymajor nation of Europe are included, along with three overview pieces that set the tone andcontent for this nicely integrated volume. The opening pieces, by Martin Shaw on the evolutionof a "common risk" society, Christopher Dandeker on the military indemocratic societies, and Wilfried von Bredow on the re-nationaliation of military strategy setthe tone for the work as a whole. Althoughthe Cold War is now a decade removed from the new Europe, the challenges of transition to newdefense systems and institutional structures still confront those who plan the future for themilitary establishments of Europe. The individual country studies contained in this volume, aswell as the final analysis of the trends and probable future developments in Europe, should berequired reading throughout the national security structure, for politicians and decision makersseeking to understand the dilemmas facing European militaries and the societies they defend. The country chapters cover a wide range ofnations. Jean Callaghan examines the Bulgarian armed forces after its 1997 elections. MarieVlachova and Stefan Sarvas review civil-military relations in the Cech nation. Jano Sabo studiesthe role of the defense sector in Hungary. Adriana Stanescu sees Romania as a case of delayedmoderniation. Paul Klein and Jurgen Kuhlmann review the German armed forces in the context of apeace dividend. Bernard Boene and Didier Danet consider France in the light of the post draftsituation. Marina Nuciari and Giuseppe Caforio consider the Italian military in a democraticcontext. Finally, Jan van der Meulen and his colleagues, look upon the Netherlands military as acase study in post-moderniation. The final contribution is a summary report by the editors onthe lessons that have been learned in assessing the contemporary civil-military complex. In all,this is a state of the art volume on the state of the armed forces in Europe.
In a study that extends well beyond military history, David B. Ralston documents the ways in which five different countries—Russia, the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, China, and Japan—refashioned their armed forces along European lines during the three centuries after 1600. The appropriation of Western military institutions in countries outside of Europe was, Ralston argues, the major force driving these countries to adopt European administrative, economic, and cultural modes. Following the same format in his discussion of each country, Ralston makes this central theme in world history easily accessible to students while offering scholars a sophisticated understanding of the exact nature of the changes brought about by Europeanizing military reforms. David B. Ralston, associate professor of history at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the author of The Army of the Republic.
This book brings together, for the first time, the classic articles that began and have shaped the debate about the Military Revolution in early modern Europe, adding important new essays by eminent historians of early modern Europe to further this important scholarly interchange.
The revolution in military affairs (RMA) is an American concept that frames a debate about the restructuring of American military forces in the period of globalization of the American economy. A core task for U.S. allies is to seek to understand the American debate & to identify opportunities for & the risks to themselves in variant patterns of development of the American military in the years ahead. Chapters: the American strategic challenge; the American approach to the RMA: a baseline; the RMA & regional allies: the Asian case; Europe & the RMA; France & Germany & the RMA; & reflections on the U.S.-European military technology gap.Ó
The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries saw many ambitious European rulers develop permanent armies and navies. War and the State in Early Modern Europe examines this military change as a central part of the political, social and economic transformation of early modern Europe. This important study exposes the economic structures necessary for supporting permanent military organisations across Europe. Large armed forces could not develop successfully without various interest groups who needed protection and were willing to pay for it. Arguing that early fiscal-military states were in fact protection-selling enterprises, the author focuses on: * Spain, the Dutch Republic and Sweden * the role of local elites * the political and organisational aspects of this new military development