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Alexis de Tocqueville is more quoted than read; commentators across the political spectrum invoke him as an oracle who defined America and its democracy for all times. But in fact his masterpiece, Democracy in America, was the product of a young man's open-minded experience of America at a time of rapid change. In Tocqueville's Discovery of America, the prizewinning biographer Leo Damrosch retraces Tocqueville's nine-month journey through the young nation in 1831–1832, illuminating how his enduring ideas were born of imaginative interchange with America and Americans, and painting a vivid picture of Jacksonian America. Damrosch shows that Tocqueville found much to admire in the dynamism of American society and in its egalitarian ideals. But he was offended by the ethos of grasping materialism and was convinced that the institution of slavery was bound to give rise to a tragic civil war. Drawing on documents and letters that have never before appeared in English, as well as on a wide range of scholarship, Tocqueville's Discovery of America brings the man, his ideas, and his world to startling life.
A comprehensive portrait of the great French political thinker explores his life, work, travels in the United States, and writing of "Democracy in America."
One of France's leading and most controversial political thinkers explores the central themes of Tocqueville's writings: the democratic revolution and the modern passion for equality. What becomes of people when they are overcome by this passion and how does it transform the contents of life? Pierre Manent's analysis concludes that the growth of state power and the homogenization of society are two primary consequences of equalizing conditions. The author shows the contemporary relevance of Tocqueville's teaching: to love democracy well, one must love it moderately. Manent examines the prophetic nature of Tocqueville's writings with breadth, clarity, and depth. His findings are both timely and highly relevant as people in Eastern Europe and around the world are grappling with the fragile, complicated, and frequently contradictory nature of democracy. This book is essential reading for students and scholars of political theory and political philosophy, as well as general readers interested in the nature of modern democracy.
Édité à l'occasion du bicentenaire de la naissance de Tocqueville (1805-1859), ce livre réunit les meilleures contributions parues ces vingt-cinq dernières années dans The Tocqueville Review / La revue Tocqueville, revue franco-américaine consacrée à l'auteur du célèbre De La Démocratie en Amérique. Les plus grands spécialistes français et internationaux sont représentés dans cet ouvrage bilingue : Raymond Aron, Daniel Bell, Arthur Goldhammer, Claude Lefort, François Furet, Françoise Mélonio, Olivier Zunz, pour n'en citer que quelques-uns. À travers ces contributions, se dessine le portrait d'un Tocqueville pluriel, philosophe politique épris de liberté, sociologue de l'égalisation des conditions par la démocratie, pionnier de la méthode comparative, écrivain visionnaire et penseur engagé. Pages de début Avertissement Introduction : Le comité de rédaction de The Tocqueville review/ la Revue Tocqueville Chapitre 1 / Tocqueville retrouvé Chapitre 2 / Tocqueville's apocalypse : culture, politics, and freedom in Democracy in America Chapitre 3 / Convictions de Tocqueville Chapitre 4 / The intellectual origins of Tocqueville's thought Chapitre 5 / Tocqueville and the writing of American history in the twentieth century : a comment Chapitre 6 / La liberté et les illusions individualistes selon Tocqueville Chapitre 7 / Tocqueville and the sublimity of democracy Chapitre 8 / L'apport de Tocqueville aux idées décentralisatrices Chapitre 9 / Éducation civique, instruction publique et liberté de l'enseignement dans l'œuvre d'Alexis de Tocqueville Chapitre 10 / La menace qui pèse sur la pensée Chapitre 11 / Politique et religion chez Tocqueville Chapitre 12 / Rousseau-Tocqueville : un dialogue sur la religion Chapitre 13 / Nations et nationalismes Chapitre 14 / Tocqueville et le problème de la clôture politique Chapitre 15 / Tocqueville à travers sa correspondance familiale Chapitre 16 / Alexis de Tocqueville at the crossroads of history Chapitre 17 / The deposition of Alexis de Tocqueville ? Chapitre 18 / L'Etat et la révolution logique du pouvoir monopoliste et mécanismes sociaux dans L'Ancien régime de Tocqueville Chapitre 19 / Translating Tocqueville : the Constraintsof Classicism Pages de fin.
A revelatory account of the nouvelle thŽologie, a clerical movement that revitalized the Catholic ChurchÕs role in twentieth-century French political life. Secularism has been a cornerstone of French political culture since 1905, when the republic formalized the separation of church and state. At times the barrier of secularism has seemed impenetrable, stifling religious actors wishing to take part in political life. Yet in other instances, secularism has actually nurtured movements of the faithful. Soldiers of God in a Secular World explores one such case, that of the nouvelle thŽologie, or new theology. Developed in the interwar years by Jesuits and Dominicans, the nouvelle thŽologie reimagined the ChurchÕs relationship to public life, encouraging political activism, engaging with secular philosophy, and inspiring doctrinal changes adopted by the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s. Nouveaux thŽologiens charted a path between the old alliance of throne and altar and secularismÕs demand for the privatization of religion. Envisioning a Church in but not of the public sphere, Catholic thinkers drew on theological principles to intervene in political questions while claiming to remain at armÕs length from politics proper. Sarah Shortall argues that this Òcounter-politicsÓ was central to the mission of the nouveaux thŽologiens: by recoding political statements in the ostensibly apolitical language of doctrine, priests were able to enter into debates over fascism and communism, democracy and human rights, colonialism and nuclear war. This approach found its highest expression during the Second World War, when the nouveaux thŽologiens led the spiritual resistance against Nazism. Claiming a powerful public voice, they collectively forged a new role for the Church amid the momentous political shifts of the twentieth century.
De Tocqueville once wrote that 'insufferable despotism' would prevail if America ever acquired a national administrative state. Between 1900 and 1940, radicals created vast bureaucracies that continue to trample on individual freedom. Ernst shows, to the contrary, that the nation's best corporate lawyers were among the creators of 'commission government'; that supporters were more interested in purging government of corruption than creating a socialist utopia; and that the principles of individual rights, limited government, and due process were designed into the administrative state.
A major intellectual biography of Toqueville that restores democracy in America to its essential context Many American readers like to regard Alexis de Tocqueville as an honorary American and democrat—as the young French aristocrat who came to early America and, enthralled by what he saw, proceeded to write an American book explaining democratic America to itself. Yet, as Lucien Jaume argues in this acclaimed intellectual biography, Democracy in America is best understood as a French book, written primarily for the French, and overwhelmingly concerned with France. "America," Jaume says, "was merely a pretext for studying modern society and the woes of France." For Tocqueville, in short, America was a mirror for France, a way for Tocqueville to write indirectly about his own society, to engage French thinkers and debates, and to come to terms with France's aristocratic legacy. By taking seriously the idea that Tocqueville's French context is essential for understanding Democracy in America, Jaume provides a powerful and surprising new interpretation of Tocqueville's book as well as a fresh intellectual and psychological portrait of the author. Situating Tocqueville in the context of the crisis of authority in postrevolutionary France, Jaume shows that Tocqueville was an ambivalent promoter of democracy, a man who tried to reconcile himself to the coming wave, but who was also nostalgic for the aristocratic world in which he was rooted—and who believed that it would be necessary to preserve aristocratic values in order to protect liberty under democracy. Indeed, Jaume argues that one of Tocqueville's most important and original ideas was to recognize that democracy posed the threat of a new and hidden form of despotism.