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This Tract gives an account of certain recent attempts to construct a satisfactory theory of thermodynamics for materials which have a memory for the past. Naturally it draws heavily on the writings of those who have made significant contributions to the field. I am particularly grateful to Professor C. A. Truesdell of The lohns Hopkins University for his invitation to write the Tract and to Professor A. E. Green of Oxford for his comments on various parts of the manuscript. Hertford College, Oxford December 1971 W. A. Day Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Preliminaries 5 1. 1 Vector and Tensor Analysis. 5 1. 2 Paths and Line Integrals . 7 1. 3 Kinematics and the Balance Laws 11 1. 4 Simple Materials with Memory 15 21 Chapter 2 A Theory of Thermodynamics . 2. 1 Processes. 21 2. 2 The Thermodynamic Inequality . 23 2. 3 Heat Conduction Inequalities . 24 2. 4 The Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Work 27 31 The Construction of the Entropy Chapter 3 The Clausius Inequality 31 3. 1 3. 2 Fading Memory . 34 3. 3 The Entropy in Equilibrium. Thermostatics. 38 3. 4 The Entropy away from Equilibrium. The Clausius- Planck Inequality 45 Chapter 4 Applications . . 55 4. 1 Thermoelasticity and Materials of Differential Type 55 4. 2 A Class of Viscoelastic Materials . . . . . . 60 Chapter 5 Thermodynamics based on the Clausius-Duhem Inequality . . . . . . . . . . 77 5. 1 The Clausius-Duhem Inequality. 78 5.
This is a work in four parts, dealing with the mechanics and thermodynamics of materials with memory, including properties of the dynamical equations which describe their evolution in time under varying loads. The first part is an introduction to Continuum Mechanics with sections dealing with classical Fluid Mechanics and Elasticity, linear and non-linear. The second part is devoted to Continuum Thermodynamics, which is used to derive constitutive equations of materials with memory, including viscoelastic solids, fluids, heat conductors and some examples of non-simple materials. In part three, free energies for materials with linear memory constitutive relations are comprehensively explored. The new concept of a minimal state is also introduced. Formulae derived over the last decade for the minimum and related free energies are discussed in depth. Also, a new single integral free energy which is a functional of the minimal state is analyzed in detail. Finally, free energies for examples of non-simple materials are considered. In the final part, existence, uniqueness and stability results are presented for the integrodifferential equations describing the dynamical evolution of viscoelastic materials. A new approach to these topics, based on the use of minimal states rather than histories, is discussed in detail. There are also chapters on the controllability of thermoelastic systems with memory, the Saint-Venant problem for viscoelastic materials and on the theory of inverse problems.
R.S. Rivlin is one of the principal architects of nonlinear continuum mechanics: His work on the mechanics of rubber (in the 1940s and 50s) established the basis of finite elasticity theory. These volumes make most of his scientific papers available again and show the full scope and significance of his contributions.
The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.
The wide application of technologies in new mechanical, electronic and biomedical systems calls for materials and structures with non-conventional properties (e.g materials with 'memory'). Of equal importance is the understanding of the physical behaviour of these materials and consequently developing mathematical modelling techniques for prediction. This self contained text discusses the mathematical modelling used with these types of electromagnetic materials. It provides a carefully structured, coherent, and comprehensive treatment of electromagnetism of continuous media. The authors provide a systematic review of known subjects along with original results about thermodynamics of electromagnetic materials, well-posedness of initial boundary-value problems, variational settings, and wave propagation. Models of non-linear materials, non-local materials (superconductors), and hysteretic (magnetic) materials are also developed in detail.
This third edition includes the corrections made by the late C. Truesdell in his personal copy. It is annotated by S. Antman who describes the monograph`s genesis and the impact it has made on the modern development of mechanics. Originally published as Volume III/3 of the famous Encyclopedia of Physics in 1965, this book describes and summarizes "everything that was both known and worth knowing in the field at the time." It also has greatly contributed to the unification and standardization of the concepts, terms and notations in the field.
The proposal for a Symposium on high temperature effects in solids originated in 1964, at which time a pilot committee, headed by Professor F. K. G. ODQVIST, was formed. Upon the recommendation of this com mittee, a site for the Symposium and a Scientific Organizing Committee were chosen, and some guidelines delineating the field to be covered were established. The Symposium was held at the National Engineering Laboratory in East Kilbride (Glasgow), Scotland, from June 25 to 28, 1968. The Scientific Organizing Committee was composed of the following mem bers: Professor B. A. BOLEY, Chairman (U. S. A.) Professor F. BUCKENS (Belgium) Professor F. K. G. ODQVIST (Sweden) Professor W. OLSZAK (Poland) Professor H. PARKUS (Austria) Dr. D. G. SOPWITH (U. K.) The Local Organizing Committee was subsequently formed; it was direct ed by Dr. SOPWTTH with Mr. R. BRODIE as Secretary, and Mr. C. E. PHILLIPS and Dr. J. GLEN as additional members. It deserves ample praise for excellent arrangements and hospitality. In the discussions concerned with the goals of the Symposium, it was decided that its principal aim should be the presentation of a comprehen sive view of the behavior of solids and structures at high temperature under any type of inelastic regime. It soon became apparent that this was a very wide field, since it would embrace questions ranging from those of basic thermodynamic to those of engineering analysis and design.
This monograph consists of two volumes and provides a unified, comprehensive presentation of the important topics pertaining to the understanding and determination of the mechanical behaviour of engineering materials under different regimes of loading. The large subject area is separated into eighteen chapters and four appendices, all self-contained, which give a complete picture and allow a thorough understanding of the current status and future direction of individual topics. Volume I contains eight chapters and three appendices, and concerns itself with the basic concepts pertaining to the entire monograph, together with the response behaviour of engineering materials under static and quasi-static loading. Thus, Volume I is dedicated to the introduction, the basic concepts and principles of the mechanical response of engineering materials, together with the relevant analysis of elastic, elastic-plastic, and viscoelastic behaviour. Volume II consists of ten chapters and one appendix, and concerns itself with the mechanical behaviour of various classes of materials under dynamic loading, together with the effects of local and microstructural phenomena on the response behaviour of the material. Volume II also contains selected topics concerning intelligent material systems, and pattern recognition and classification methodology for the characterization of material response states. The monograph contains a large number of illustrations, numerical examples and solved problems. The majority of chapters also contain a large number of review problems to challenge the reader. The monograph can be used as a textbook in science and engineering, for third and fourth undergraduate levels, as well as for the graduate levels. It is also a definitive reference work for scientists and engineers involved in the production, processing and applications of engineering materials, as well as for other professionals who are involved in the engineering design process.