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Composites have been studied for more than 150 years, and interest in their properties has been growing. This classic volume provides the foundations for understanding a broad range of composite properties, including electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, elastic and viscoelastic, piezoelectric, thermal, fluid flow through porous materials, thermoelectric, pyroelectric, magnetoelectric, and conduction in the presence of a magnetic field (Hall effect). Exact solutions of the PDEs in model geometries provide one avenue of understanding composites; other avenues include microstructure-independent exact relations satisfied by effective moduli, for which the general theory is reviewed; approximation formulae for effective moduli; and series expansions for the fields and effective moduli that are the basis of numerical methods for computing these fields and moduli. The range of properties that composites can exhibit can be explored either through the model geometries or through microstructure-independent bounds on the properties. These bounds are obtained through variational principles, analytic methods, and Hilbert space approaches. Most interesting is when the properties of the composite are unlike those of the constituent materials, and there has been an explosion of interest in such composites, now known as metamaterials. The Theory of Composites surveys these aspects, among others, and complements the new body of literature that has emerged since the book was written. It remains relevant today by providing historical background, a compendium of numerous results, and through elucidating many of the tools still used today in the analysis of composite properties. This book is intended for applied mathematicians, physicists, and electrical and mechanical engineers. It will also be of interest to graduate students.
There has been a major resurgence of braiding in worldwide manufacturing and new testing technologies using imaging processes are now being employed. This has allowed significant findings and a better understanding of braided materials. The Handbook of Advances in Braided Composite Materials, Second Edition extensively reviews the properties, design, and manufacturing, testing and next generation applications of braided composite materials. Following the introductory chapter and the opening topic of working with the enclosed composite apps, Part One discusses manufacturing processes and advanced testing of braided composite materials. Part Two then looks at predicting properties and designing braided composite materials, including mechanics for braided composite materials such as micromechanics, macromechanics and ply mechanics. Advances in 2D and 3D modeling, as well as design of braided composite materials, are also covered. Finally, Part Three provides information on the applications of Next Generation braided composite materials. These topics consist of shape memory composites, nanostructures in braids, electrospinning, braidtrusion and green braids. The book presents up-to-date technology developments and recent research findings, along with an android and IPhone App to support design criteria, which is available via an online open source platform provided by the editor. Industrial manufacturers of braided composites, academic researchers working in the design and development of braided composites, professional engineers and postgraduate students will find this book an essential read. - Covers new developments in advanced testing methods and imaging technology - Presents new findings in manufacturing and material properties - Discusses new developments in sustainable green braided composites, and in 3D braiding
This book balances introduction to the basic concepts of the mechanical behavior of composite materials and laminated composite structures. It covers topics from micromechanics and macromechanics to lamination theory and plate bending, buckling, and vibration, clarifying the physical significance of composite materials. In addition to the materials covered in the first edition, this book includes more theory-experiment comparisons and updated information on the design of composite materials.
Written by Puck's pupil and appointed successor Martin Knops, this book presents Alfred Puck ́s failure model, which, among several other theories, predicts fracture limits best and describes the failure phenomena in FRP most realistically – as confirmed within the "World-wide Failure Exercise". Using Puck ́s model the composite engineer can follow the gradual failure process in a laminate and deduce from the results of the analysis how to improve the laminate design.
Composite materials have been representing most significant breakthroughs in various industrial applications, particularly in aerospace structures, during the past thirty five years. The primary goal of Advanced Mechanics of Composite Materials is the combined presentation of advanced mechanics, manufacturing technology, and analysis of composite materials. This approach lets the engineer take into account the essential mechanical properties of the material itself and special features of practical implementation, including manufacturing technology, experimental results, and design characteristics. Giving complete coverage of the topic: from basics and fundamentals to the advanced analysis including practical design and engineering applications. At the same time including a detailed and comprehensive coverage of the contemporary theoretical models at the micro- and macro- levels of material structure, practical methods and approaches, experimental results, and optimisation of composite material properties and component performance. The authors present the results of more than 30 year practical experience in the field of design and analysis of composite materials and structures. * Eight chapters progressively covering all structural levels of composite materials from their components through elementary plies and layers to laminates* Detailed presentation of advanced mechanics of composite materials * Emphasis on nonlinear material models (elasticity, plasticity, creep) and structural nonlinearity
Practical Micromechanics of Composite Materials provides an accessible treatment of micromechanical theories for the analysis and design of multi-phased composites. Written with both students and practitioners in mind and coupled with a fully functional MATLAB code to enable the solution of technologically relevant micromechanics problems, the book features an array of illustrative example problems and exercises highlighting key concepts and integrating the MATLAB code. The MATLAB scripts and functions empower readers to enhance and create new functionality tailored to their needs, and the book and code highly complement one another. The book presents classical lamination theory and then proceeds to describe how to obtain effective anisotropic properties of a unidirectional composite (ply) via micromechanics and multiscale analysis. Calculation of local fields via mechanical and thermal strain concentration tensors is presented in a unified way across several micromechanics theories. The importance of these local fields is demonstrated through the determination of consistent Margins of Safety (MoS) and failure envelopes for thermal and mechanical loading. Finally, micromechanics-based multiscale progressive damage is discussed and implemented in the accompanying MATLAB code. - Emphasizes appropriate application of micromechanics theories to composite behavior - Addresses multiple popular micromechanics theories, which are provided in MATLAB - Discusses stresses and strains resulting from realistic thermal and mechanical loading - Includes availability of solution manual for professors using the book in the classroom
The second edition of this popular text provides complete, detailed coverage of the various theories, analytical solutions, and finite element models of laminated composite plates and shells. The book reflects advances in materials modeling in general and composite materials and structures in particular. It includes a chapter dedicated to the theory and analysis of laminated shells, discussions on smart structures and functionally graded materials, exercises and examples, and chapters that were reorganized from the first edition to improve the clarity of the presentation.
Andrej V. Cherkaev and Robert V. Kohn In the past twenty years we have witnessed a renaissance of theoretical work on the macroscopic behavior of microscopically heterogeneous mate rials. This activity brings together a number of related themes, including: ( 1) the use of weak convergence as a rigorous yet general language for the discussion of macroscopic behavior; (2) interest in new types of questions, particularly the "G-closure problem," motivated in large part by applications of optimal control theory to structural optimization; (3) the introduction of new methods for bounding effective moduli, including one based on "com pensated compactness"; and (4) the identification of deep links between the analysis of microstructures and the multidimensional calculus of variations. This work has implications for many physical problems involving optimal design, composite materials, and coherent phase transitions. As a result it has received attention and support from numerous scientific communities, including engineering, materials science, and physics as well as mathematics. There is by now an extensive literature in this area. But for various reasons certain fundamental papers were never properly published, circu lating instead as mimeographed notes or preprints. Other work appeared in poorly distributed conference proceedings volumes. Still other work was published in standard books or journals, but written in Russian or French. The net effect is a sort of "gap" in the literature, which has made the subject unnecessarily difficult for newcomers to penetrate.