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The purpose of this book is to discuss the phenomena associated with the segregation of one element in a multicomponent material. It describes the kinetics of segregation and contains a tabular summary of the pros and cons of the various models. The easy-to-read chapters outline in detail the macroscopic approach and provide an in-depth review of broken-bond models. This comprehensive informative resource also addresses important multicomponent systems. These systems include metals with non-metallic constituents, semiconductor-metal interfaces, steels and steel-related alloys, and real catalysts. Readers of this text will gain a good fundamental understanding and overview of surface, interfacial, and selvedge segregation. Those who have an interest in physics, vacuum science, material science, and chemical, mechanical, and electrical engineering will benefit from this imperative work.
The book presents the fundamental aspects of surface segregation theory. The material is presented in a self-contained manner and mathematical procedures are worked through in some cases in order to provide the reader with the necessary opportunity to realize the restrictions under which the expressions are valid.
This book is a broad review of the electronic structure of metals and alloys. It emphasises the way in which the behavior of electrons in these materials governs the thermodynamic and other properties of these conducting materials. The theoretical treatment proceeds from a wave mechanics approach to more sophisticated techniques for the description of the properties of metals and alloys.
This book presents up-to-date information about the catalysis and surface properties of liquid metals and liquid alloys. It is intended for use by chemical engineers and researchers in catalysis, surface science, liquid metals, and chemical process technologies.
Quantitative Microbeam Analysis provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of quantitative microbeam analysis (MQA). MQA is a technique used to analyze subatomic quantities of materials blasted from a surface by a laser or particle beam, providing information on the structure and composition of the material. Contributed to by international experts, the book is unique in the breadth of microbeam analytical techniques covered. For each technique, it develops the theoretical background, discusses practical details relating to choice of equipment, and describes the current advances. The book highlights developments relating to Auger electron spectroscopy in scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes and advances in surface analytical imaging and accelerated ion beam-surface interactions.
The development of new materials is recognized as one of the major elements in the overall technological evolution that must go on in order to sustain and even improve the quality of life for citizens of all nations. There are many components to this development, but one is to achieve a better understanding of the properties of materials using the most sophisticated scientific tools that are available. As condensed matter physicists and materials scientists work toward this goal, they find that it is useful to divide their efforts and focus on specific areas, because certain analytical and theoretical techniques will be more useful for the study of one class of materials than another. One such area is the study of metals and metallic alloys, which are used in the manufacture of products as diverse as automobiles and space stations. Progress in this area has been very rapid in recent years, and the new developments come from many different countries. For these reasons the Advanced Research Workshop Programme in the NATO Scientific Affairs Division has seen fit to sponsor several meetings to bring together the researchers and students working in this field from the NATO countries and elsewhere. There have been a series of NATO-ASI's that have dealt with the results of research on the electronic structure of materials and the properties of metals, alloys, and interfaces. They are: "Electrons in finite and infinite structures" P. Phariseau and L.
These volumes contain the invited and contributed talks of the first general Conference of the Condensed Matter Division of the European Physical Society, which took place at the campus of the University of Antwerpen (Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen) from April 9 till 11, 1980. The invited talks give a broad perspective of the current state in Europe of research in condensed matter physics. New developments and advances in experiments as well as theory are reported for 28 topics. Some of these developments, such as the recent stabilization of mono-atomic hydrogen, with the challenging prospect of Bose condensation, can be considered as major break throughs in condensed matter physics. Of the 65 invited lecturers, 54 have submitted a manuscript. The remaining talks are published as abstracts. The contents of this first volume consists of 9 plenary papers. Among the topics treated in these papers are: - electronic structure computations of iron the density functional theory hydrogen in amorphous Si topologically disordered materials nuclear antiferromagnetism stabilization of mono-atomic hydrogen gas covalent and metallic glasses nonlinear excitations in ferroelectrics.
This handbook brings together, under a single cover, all aspects of the chemistry, physics, and engineering of surfaces and interfaces of materials currently studied in academic and industrial research. It covers different experimental and theoretical aspects of surfaces and interfaces, their physical properties, and spectroscopic techniques that have been applied to a wide class of inorganic, organic, polymer, and biological materials. The diversified technological areas of surface science reflect the explosion of scientific information on surfaces and interfaces of materials and their spectroscopic characterization. The large volume of experimental data on chemistry, physics, and engineering aspects of materials surfaces and interfaces remains scattered in so many different periodicals, therefore this handbook compilation is needed.The information presented in this multivolume reference draws on two decades of pioneering research on the surfaces and interfaces of materials to offer a complete perspective on the topic. These five volumes-Surface and Interface Phenomena; Surface Characterization and Properties; Nanostructures, Micelles, and Colloids; Thin Films and Layers; Biointerfaces and Applications-provide multidisciplinary review chapters and summarize the current status of the field covering important scientific and technological developments made over past decades in surfaces and interfaces of materials and spectroscopic techniques with contributions from internationally recognized experts from all over the world. Fully cross-referenced, this book has clear, precise, and wide appeal as an essential reference source long due for the scientific community. The complete reference on the topic of surfaces and interfaces of materialsThe information presented in this multivolume reference draws on two decades of pioneering researchProvides multidisciplinary review chapters and summarizes the current status of the fieldCovers important scientific and technological developments made over past decades in surfaces and interfaces of materials and spectroscopic techniquesContributions from internationally recognized experts from all over the world