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Terpenes belong to the diverse class of chemical constituents isolated from materials found in nature (plants, fungi, insects, marine organisms, plant pathogens, animals and endophytes). These metabolites have simple to complex structures derived from Isopentyl diphosphate (IPP), dimethyl allyl diphosphate (DMAPP), mevalonate and deoxyxylulose biosynthetic pathways. Terpenes play a very important role in human health and have significant biological activities (anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiallergic, skin permeation enhancer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-insecticidal). This book gives an overview and highlights recent research in the phytochemical and biological understanding of terpenes and terpenoid and explains the most essential functions of these kinds of secondary metabolites isolated from natural sources.
This new edition has been updated to include the following: The use of biomarkers (organic compounds in the geospherical record with carbon skeletons) reflecting the upsurge in geoporphyrin research primarily due to MS, yeast RNA nucleic acid studies: reversed-phase HPLC of amino acids; brewing industry applications (HPLC evaluation of carotenoids in orange juice and of "debittered" citrus); HPTLC of carbohydrates; synthesis of a sweetening agent from citrus peels, synthesis and degradation of alkaloids and of sterols, GC/MS uses with sterols, petroleum products, and aromatic constituents of wine and grape juice, flash chromatography of essential oils, optical purity of enantiomers affecting flavors, fragrances, and pheromones, as well as studies of lattice inclusion compounds 1H- and 13C-NMR, MS, IR and UV data are presented for most natural products. Biomarkers—organic compounds in the geospherical record with carbon skeletons—reflecting the upsurge in geoporphyrin research primarily due to MS Yeast RNA nucleic acid studies Reversed-phase HPLC of amino acids, citrus juice components, and HPLC in brewing industry application HPTLC of carbohydrates 1H- and 13C-NMR: Sweetness evaluation and synthesis of a sweetening agent from citrus peels; seed oil sesamolin; alkaloids (strychnine, piperine, caffeine); and sterol analyses GC/MS: sterols, petroleum studies, aromatic constituents of wine and grapejuice Flash chromatography of essential oils Optical purity of enantiomers affecting flavors, fragrances, and pheromones Materials science studies of lattice inclusion compounds

Drug Literature

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations. Subcommittee on Reorganization and Internal Organizations

Published: 1963

Total Pages: 194


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If, following the solvent extraction of a hydrocarbon from a plant, it is not known whether it is one or the other, a method of distinguishing the two is described by HENDRICKS, WILDMAN and JONES (1946). The technique involves the infra-red absorption spectra of the two isomers. At about 12 mp. the relative absorption coefficient of rubber is 42% greater than for gutta. ScHLESINGER and LEPER (1951) describe two procedures for separation of the rubber and gutta hydrocarbons from large quantities of crude chicle. In one, the chicle is extracted with benzene which dissolves both isomers. An excess absolute ethyl acetate is added and the mixture stored at 5° C overnight. The gutta precipitates out and the rubber remains in solution. The other method is as follows: (1) Ten grams of chicle are extracted with acetone for 24 hours in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. (2) The insoluble material in the thimble is allowed to .. it dry, then immersed in 150 ml. of cold Skellysolve B in a refrigerator at 10° C and· allowed to stand for 48 hours with occasional agitation. (3) The thimble is then removed from the solvent and the enclosed residue washed several times with fresh, cold Skellysolve B. (4) An excess of acetone and a few drops of a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium iodide are added to the combined Skellysolve B extract and washings and allowed to stand overnight in a refrigerator.