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Carbohydrates are widely distributed in nature and widely available, and so are considered as a promising feedstock for the preparation of many organic chemical compounds. They are particularly useful in the preparation of nitrogen heterocycles because of their related structural characteristics and easy availability. Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Nitrogen Heterocycles from Carbohydrates will review the recent literature dealing with use of carbohydrates as raw materials in the synthesis of these materials. The text contains six chapters arranged according to the complexity of the heterocyclic compounds discussed, ranging from five to seven membered rings and from single to multiple fused rings. The book provides a detailed discussion of the various synthetic approaches to these compounds, using carbohydrate starting materials, and does not merely reference synthetic methodology but attempts to give as much detail as possible on the actual experimental conditions used, in such a way that the chemist can use the information directly to design a multi-step synthesis. It discusses the different approaches to the synthesis of a wide range of naturally occurring nitrogen heterocycles in a format that enables the reader to make comparisons and decisions on whether to use a certain procedure, to modify it, or to devise a new synthetic methodology.
N-Sulfonated-N-Heterocycles covers the synthesis, chemistry and biological applications of these compounds, focusing on pioneering synthetic approaches, mechanistic insights and their limitations, as well as recent advances in this field. The synthesis of some of N-sulfonated N-heterocycles and their transformation to other useful cyclic and acyclic compounds are discussed, as well as their uses as useful intermediates in the preparation of polymeric and medicinal materials. This book includes detailed methods and protocols, and the focus on applications makes this resource an essential guide for all researchers in the area of organic, medicinal and polymeric synthetic study. Reviews the use of N-sulfonated N-heterocycles as important precursors for the synthesis of biologically active compounds Includes information on synthetically useful transformations of N-sulfonated N-heterocycles Covers a wide synthetic methods used for an important branch of heterocycles and their biological evaluation in detail Features over 500 schemes to illustrate different synthetic pathways and reactions of N-sulfonated N-heterocycles
A comprehensive overview of synthetic strategies for nonaromatic nitrogen heterocycles Nitrogen heterocycles are extremely widely distributed in nature, as well as in synthetic substances found in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials chemistry. With new structures and medicines that include these structures emerging yearly, and a vast new journal literature to describe them, anyone who wants to be effective in R&D needs to easily access a synthesis of the latest research. This state-of-the-art survey explores recent developments in the most widely used reactions, as well as completely new ones. Highlights the major modern synthetic methods known to obtain nonaromatic nitrogen heterocycles, and their practical applications Topics include enantioselective synthesis and catalysis, photocatalysis, biocatalysis, microwave-assisted synthesis, reactions of oximes and nitrones, and ionic liquids Discusses how to synthesize rings of specific sizes Covers sustainable synthetic approaches for obtaining salts Whether you are using nonaromatic nitrogen compounds as an academic researcher, a synthetic chemist in industry, or an advanced student, this book is an essential, up-to-date resource to support your work.
Heterocyclic chemistry is of prime importance as a sub-discipline of Organic Chemistry, as millions of heterocyclic compounds are known with more being synthesized regularly Introduces students to heterocyclic chemistry and synthesis with practical examples of applied methodology Emphasizes natural product and pharmaceutical applications Provides graduate students and researchers in the pharmaceutical and related sciences with a background in the field Includes problem sets with several chapters
More Synthetic Approaches to Nonaromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles An authoritative collection of resources discussing the latest trends in the synthesis of nonaromatic nitrogen heterocycles Widely distributed in nature, nitrogen heterocycles are extremely common in synthetic substances found in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. The literature is evolving rapidly and explores newly emerging structures and medicines. More Synthetic Approaches to Nonaromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles offers R&D professionals the opportunity to easily access a collection of the latest relevant research in the area. In the second two-volume set of this practical reference distinguished researcher Dr. Ana Maria M. M. Faisca Phillips delivers a collection of resources focusing on the newest and most widely applicable trends emerging in synthetic strategies for nonaromatic nitrogen heterocycles. With coverage of topics including organocatalysis, cascade reactions, flow chemistry in synthesis, cycloaddition reactions, metathesis, cross-coupling reactions, and electrochemistry, the book provides quick access to critical new avenues of synthesis. More Synthetic Approaches to Nonaromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles: Volume 1 and 2 also offers readers: A thorough introduction to recent advances in the design and synthesis of cyclic peptidomimetics Comprehensive explorations of fused heterocycles and transition metal promoted synthesis of isoindoline derivatives Practical discussions of 1,4-diazepane ring-based systems and recent advances in the synthesis of azepane-based compounds In-depth examinations of strained aziridinium ions, asymmetric organocatalysis in alternative media, and the electrochemical synthesis of non-aromatic N-heterocycles Perfect for academic and industrial researchers in organic chemistry and synthesis, organometallic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry catalysis, and sustainable chemistry, More Synthetic Approaches to Nonaromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles: Volume 1 and 2 is an indispensable reference for anyone seeking an authoritative source of information on new and emerging trends in synthesis.
1. Structures and main physical properties of aromatic heterocycles 1; 2. Reactivity of aromatic heterocycles 18; 3. synthesis of aromatic heterocycles 56; 4. Typical reactivity of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines 64; 5. Pyridines: reactions and synthesis 72; 6. Quinolines and isoquinolines: reactions and synthesis 120; 7. Typical reactivity of pyrylium and benzopyrylium ions, pyrones and benzopyrones 146; 8. Pyryliums, 2- and 4-pyrones: reactions and synthesis 148; 9. Benzopyryliums and benzopyrones: reactions and synthesis 166; 10. Typical reactivity of the diazines: pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine 185; 11. the diazines: pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine: reactions and synthesis 189; 12. Typical reactivity of pyrroles, thiophenes and furans 225; 13. Pyrroles: reactions and synthesis 229; 14. Thiophenes: reactions and synthesis 259; 15. Furans: reactions and synthesis 278; 16. Reactivity of indoles, benzo[b]thiophenes, benzo[b]furans, isoindoles, benzo[c]thiophenes and isobenzofurans 301; 17. Indoles: reactions and synthesis 305; 18. Benzo[b]thiophenes and benzo[b]furans: reactions and synthesis 350; 19. Isoindoles, benzo[c]thiophenes and isobenzofurans: reactions and synthesis 360; 20. Typical reactivity of 1,3- and 1,2-azoles 367; 21. 1,3-Azoles: imidazoles, thiazoles, and oxazoles: reactions and synthesis 370; 22. 1,2-Azoles: pyrazoles, isothiazoles and isoxazoles: reactions and synthesis 394; 23. Purines: reactions and synthesis 409; 24. Heterocycles containing a ring-junction nitrogen 434; 25. Heterocycles containing more than two hetero atoms 447; 26. Saturated and partially unsaturated heterocyclic compounds: reactions and synthesis 463; 27. Appendix: answers to exercises 479.