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Due to the rapid growth in the electronics industry for over the last century, the demand for more advanced materials has been raised. As a result of this, the number of the scientific studies to develop new type of electronic materials has increased and new fields of research such as molecular electronics and nanotechnology are now established. The trend in the advances in electronics follows the miniaturisation of the electrical components and therefore introducing single or a few molecules into electronic devices has become an important topic. In this work, a summary of the new aspects/developments in the field of single-molecule electronics is presented. Symmetrical tolane compounds with thiol (SH), amino (NH2), pyridyl (Py) and cyano (CN) anchoring groups were synthesised and single-molecule conductances of those molecules were systematically compared. With the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, single-molecular junction formation mechanism is also identified. Oligoyne molecular wires with different anchoring groups are also synthesised and their electron transport properties at the single-molecule level are studied. The stability of the functional diaryltetrayne compounds is discussed and X-ray molecular structures of the stable tetraynes are presented. The effects of the molecular length and the anchoring group are discussed in detail. Additionally, oligoynes with methyl shielding of the carbon backbone are synthesised and their stability is discussed. Finally, length-persistent, conjugated OPE and tolane analogues with different molecular lengths and amine anchors were synthesised and their transport properties were investigated in quantum dot sensitised solar cells.
As functional elements in opto-electronic devices approach the singlemolecule limit, conducting organic molecular wires are the appropriate interconnects that enable transport of charges and charge-like particles such as excitons within the device. Reproducible syntheses and a thorough understanding of the underlying principles are therefore indispensable for applications like even smaller transistors, molecular machines and light-harvesting materials. Bringing together experiment and theory to enable applications in real-life devices, this handbook and ready reference provides essential information on how to control and direct charge transport. Readers can therefore obtain a balanced view of charge and exciton transport, covering characterization techniques such as spectroscopy and current measurements together with quantitative models. Researchers are thus able to improve the performance of newly developed devices, while an additional overview of synthesis methods highlights ways of producing different organic wires. Written with the following market in mind: chemists, molecular physicists, materials scientists and electrical engineers.
This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Atomic and Molecular Wires". It was sponsored by the Ministry of Scientific Affairs Division special program on Nanoscale Science with the support of the CNRS and the Max Planck Institute. Scientists working or interested in the properties of wires at a subnanoscale were brought together in Les Houches (France) from 6 to 10 May 1996. Subnanoscale wires can be fabricated either by surface physicists (atomic wires) or by synthetic chemists (molecular wires). Both communities present their foremost advances using, for example, STM to assemble atomic lines atom for atom, to fabricate a mask for such a line or using the wide range of chemical synthesis techniques to obtain long, rigid and conjugated oligomers. Interconnecting such tiny wires to sources (voltage, current) continues to demand a great technological effort. But nanolithography associated with microfabrication or STM are now clearly identified paths for measuring the electrical resistance of an atomic or a molecular wire. The first measurements have been reported on Xe , benzene, C ' di(phenylene-ethynylene) showing 2 60 the need for a deeper understanding of transport phenomena through subnanowires. Such transport phenomena like tunnel (off-resonance) transport and Coulomb blockade have been discussed by theorists with an emphasis on the exponential decrease of the tunnel current with the wire length versus the ballistic regime of transport.
With contributions by numerous experts
Provides in-depth knowledge on molecular electronics and emphasizes the techniques for designing molecular junctions with controlled functionalities This comprehensive book covers the major advances with the most general applicability in the field of molecular electronic devices. It emphasizes new insights into the development of efficient platform methodologies for building such reliable devices with desired functionalities through the combination of programmed bottom-up self-assembly and sophisticated top-down device fabrication. It also helps to develop an understanding of the device fabrication processes and the characteristics of the resulting electrode-molecule interface. Beginning with an introduction to the subject, Molecular-Scale Electronics: Concept, Fabrication and Applications offers full chapter coverage on topics such as: Metal Electrodes for Molecular Electronics; Carbon Electrodes for Molecular Electronics; Other Electrodes for Molecular Electronics; Novel Phenomena in Single-Molecule Junctions; and Supramolecular Interactions in Single-Molecule Junctions. Other chapters discuss Theoretical Aspects for Electron Transport through Molecular Junctions; Characterization Techniques for Molecular Electronics; and Integrating Molecular Functionalities into Electrical Circuits. The book finishes with a summary of the primary challenges facing the field and offers an outlook at its future. * Summarizes a number of different approaches for forming molecular-scale junctions and discusses various experimental techniques for examining these nanoscale circuits in detail * Gives overview of characterization techniques and theoretical simulations for molecular electronics * Highlights the major contributions and new concepts of integrating molecular functionalities into electrical circuits * Provides a critical discussion of limitations and main challenges that still exist for the development of molecular electronics * Suited for readers studying or doing research in the broad fields of Nano/molecular electronics and other device-related fields Molecular-Scale Electronics is an excellent book for materials scientists, electrochemists, electronics engineers, physical chemists, polymer chemists, and solid-state chemists. It will also benefit physicists, semiconductor physicists, engineering scientists, and surface chemists.
Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Seven Volume Set summarizes current, fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, bringing readers the latest developments in the field. As the chemical and physical properties and processes at solid and liquid interfaces are the scientific basis of so many technologies which enhance our lives and create new opportunities, its important to highlight how these technologies enable the design and optimization of functional materials for heterogeneous and electro-catalysts in food production, pollution control, energy conversion and storage, medical applications requiring biocompatibility, drug delivery, and more. This book provides an interdisciplinary view that lies at the intersection of these fields. Presents fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, surface science and electrochemistry and provides cutting-edge research from academics and practitioners across various fields and global regions
One-dimensional organic molecular wires have emerged as idealized model systems for investigating charge transport mechanisms at 1-10 nm length scales, where the distinction between individual molecules and bulk materials begins to vanish. However, there are significant difficulties associated with the synthesis and electronic characterization of well-defined organic molecular wires. By drawing inspiration from oligonucleotide synthesis, we have developed a facile strategy for the assembly of perylene-based organic semiconductor building blocks in predetermined arrangements on a DNA-like backbone, resulting in molecular wires which have well-defined lengths, geometries, and sequence contexts. We self-assembled monolayers of these wires onto gold substrates and investigated their charge transport properties with both electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. We found that as we increased the number of perylene building blocks, both the electron transfer and excited-state charge transfer dynamics show unexpected trends, which we rationalize with molecular dynamics and density-functional theory. Our findings hold significance both for fundamentally understanding nanoscale charge transport phenomena and for the development of new types of biological and molecular electronic devices.
With contributions by leading international experts, this book presents a detailed compilation of a new and very active field. It is the first book devoted to the covalent coupling of molecular precursors on surfaces that allows the preparation of 0D, 1D and 2D molecules that cannot be synthesized in solution. This book is aimed at students and researchers interested in nanochemistry and molecular devices and it gives the reader a pedagogical up-to-date vision of the most recent developments. The editor ensures a multidisciplinary approach involving molecular chemistry, surface sciences, surface spectroscopies, theory, scanning tunneling and non-contact atomic force microscopies.
How fast and powerful can computers become? Will it be possible someday to create artificial brains that have intellectual capabilities comparable to those of human beings? The answers to these questions depend to a very great extent on a single factor: how small and dense we can make computer circuits. Very recently, scientists have achieved revolutionary advances that may very well radically change the future of computing. There are significant advantages to using biological molecules in a new computational paradigm, since nature has solved similar problems to those encountered in harnessing organic molecules to perform data manipulation. Biomolecules could be used as photonic devices in holography, as spatial light modulators, in neural network optical computing, as nonlinear optical devices, and as optical memories. Such computers may use a billion times less energy than electronic computers, while storing data in a trillionth of the space, while also being highly parallel. Research projects implemented by national and international groups have produced a large amount of data from multidisciplinary work, ranging from physics and engineering to chemistry and biology.