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A study of court-ordered or -tolerated vasectomization (from 1898) and tubal ligation (in the 1920s) for "mental defectives" in the pursuit of eugenics. Some 60,000 men and women in the US were affected into the 1960s.
In this book the best surgical solutions for conductive hearing loss due to ossicular fixations are thoroughly described and discussed. The first section covers thympanosclerosis, collating all knowledge on the pathogenesis and pathology of this obscure condition, as well as the surgical methods used in fixation of the ossicular chain, when caused by myringosclerosis and tympanosclerosis. The second section covers postinflammatory, posttraumatic, and postoperative bony fixations of the ossicular chain. In the third section, the voluminous topic of otosclerosis, in particular the evolution of stapes surgery, the various stapedectomy and stapedotomy methods, and the complications of surgery for otosclerosis, are covered in great detail. This section also includes the problems that are encountered in otosclerosis surgery when the ear has been affected with chronic otitis. In the fourth section, congenital ossicular fixations and defects are covered along with some new aspects on the classification and embryology of these problems. For all topics, there is in-depth discussion of the pathogenesis and pathology of the diseases in question. Excellent hand-drawn illustrations provide a level of detail and comprehension not attainable through photography. This book covers tympanosclerotic, bony, and fibrous fixations, retractions, atelectasis, secretory and adhesive otitis, ventilation problems of the middle ear, cholesteatoma in the tympanic cavity and more!
Now in its Sixth Edition, Surgical Recall allows for rapid-fire review of surgical clerkship material for third- or fourth-year medical students preparing for the USMLE and shelf exams. Written in a concise question-and-answer format—double-column, question on the left, answer on the right—Surgical Recall addresses both general surgery and surgical subspecialties. Students on rotation or being PIMPed can quickly refer to Surgical Recall for accurate and on-the-spot answers. The book includes survival tactics and tips for success on the boards and wards as well as key information for those new to the surgical suite.
Infections that occur in the wound created by an invasive surgical procedure are generally referred to as surgical site infections (SSIs). SSIs are one of the most important causes of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). A prevalence survey undertaken in 2006 suggested that approximately 8% of patients in hospital in the UK have an HCAI. SSIs accounted for 14% of these infections and nearly 5% of patients who had undergone a surgical procedure were found to have developed an SSI. However, prevalence studies tend to underestimate SSI because many of these infections occur after the patient has been discharged from hospital. SSIs are associated with considerable morbidity and it has been reported that over one-third of postoperative deaths are related, at least in part, to SSI. However, it is important to recognise that SSIs can range from a relatively trivial wound discharge with no other complications to a life-threatening condition. Other clinical outcomes of SSIs include poor scars that are cosmetically unacceptable, such as those that are spreading, hypertrophic or keloid, persistent pain and itching, restriction of movement, particularly when over joints, and a significant impact on emotional wellbeing. SSI can double the length of time a patient stays in hospital and thereby increase the costs of health care. Additional costs attributable to SSI of between £814 and £6626 have been reported depending on the type of surgery and the severity of the infection. The main additional costs are related to re-operation, extra nursing care and interventions, and drug treatment costs. The indirect costs, due to loss of productivity, patient dissatisfaction and litigation, and reduced quality of life, have been studied less extensively.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery, an advanced treatment procedure for skin cancer, offers the highest potential for recovery--even if the skin cancer has been previously treated. This procedure is a state-of-the-art treatment in which the physician serves as surgeon, pathologist, and reconstructive surgeon. It relies on the accuracy of a microscope to trace and ensure removal of skin cancer down to its roots. This procedure allows dermatologists trained in Mohs Surgery to see beyond the visible disease and to precisely identify and remove the entire tumor, leaving healthy tissue unharmed. This procedure is most often used in treating two of the most common forms of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The cure rate for Mohs Micrographic Surgery is the highest of all treatments for skin cancer--up to 99 percent even if other forms of treatment have failed. This procedure, the most exact and precise method of tumor removal, minimizes the chance of regrowth and lessens the potential for scarring or disfigurement
Essential Surgery is part of a nine volume series for Disease Control Priorities which focuses on health interventions intended to reduce morbidity and mortality. The Essential Surgery volume focuses on four key aspects including global financial responsibility, emergency procedures, essential services organization and cost analysis.
This text provides a comprehensive textbook summarizing the presentation, workup, and surgical solutions for common emergencies in the cancer patient. The use of medications (antibiotics, hormones, and biologic therapies) and interventional radiologic procedures as adjuncts or as replacements for the surgical solutions are discussed. The text covers emergencies that result as adverse effects for the systemic and local treatments for cancer, emergencies that result from mechanical issues with the cancer and those that result from surviving major extirpative surgery. Diagnosis and treatment of patients' immune-compromised or thrombocytopenic status from chemotherapy is discussed, as is surgical treatment in patients with prior complex surgical therapy or radiation treatment. Finally, the text covers alternatives to surgery, including new interventional radiologic and endoscopic procedures. Surgical Emergencies in the Cancer Patient will be of great value to healthcare professionals at all levels who are involved in the treatment of emergencies in the cancer patient. It is meant for a wide group of individuals, including medical students, residents in surgery and internal medicine, fellows in surgery and oncology, and practicing oncologists and surgeons. This work is meant to be a textbook for the student, a guide for the practitioner, and a reference for the general oncologist.