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Understanding and responding to corruption is a worldwide challenge. This book offers a general overview of the nature, pattern, anddiffering perspectives on political and economic corruption. Providing detail and depth, the book examines and compares corruption infour countries: the United States, Israel, Russia, and India. Each country chapter explores how corruption is defined and understood in that country and provides case material illustrating corrupt practice and responses to it. The country chapters also cover whistleblowing activities, their prevalence, importance, and impact. A comparative analysis presents the most prominent factors contributing to a reduced level of corruption and the factors that lead to whistleblower success.
Understanding and responding to corruption is a worldwide challenge. This book offers a general overview of the nature, pattern, anddiffering perspectives on political and economic corruption. Providing detail and depth, the book examines and compares corruption infour countries: the United States, Israel, Russia, and India. Each country chapter explores how corruption is defined and understood in that country and provides case material illustrating corrupt practice and responses to it. The country chapters also cover whistleblowing activities, their prevalence, importance, and impact. A comparative analysis presents the most prominent factors contributing to a reduced level of corruption and the factors that lead to whistleblower success.
Anti-corruption measures have firmly taken centre stage in the development agenda of international organisations as well as in developed and developing countries. One area in which corruption manifests itself is in public procurement and, as a result, States have adopted various measures to prevent and curb corruption in public procurement. One such mechanism for dealing with procurement corruption is to debar or disqualify corrupt suppliers from bidding for or otherwise obtaining government contracts. This book examines the issues and challenges raised by the debarment or disqualification of corrupt suppliers from public contracts. Implementing a disqualification mechanism in public procurement raises serious practical and conceptual difficulties, which are not always considered by legislative provisions on disqualification. Some of the problems that may arise from the use of disqualifications include determining whether a conviction for corruption ought to be a pre-requisite to disqualification, bearing in mind that corruption thrives in secret, resulting in a dearth of convictions. Another issue is determining how to balance the tension between granting adequate procedural safeguards to a supplier in disqualification proceedings and not delaying the procurement process. A further issue is determining the scope of the disqualification in the sense of determining whether it applies to firms, natural persons, subcontractors, subsidiaries or other persons related to the corrupt firm and whether disqualification will lead to the termination of existing contracts. The book compares and contrasts the legal, practical and institutional approaches to the implementation of the disqualification mechanism in the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Republic of South Africa and the World Bank.
The "Groupe d'Etats contre la corruption" (GRECO) is established at the Council of Europe. GRECO evaluates in several steps the legislative and administrative instruments of its member states in the fight against corruption, and thus makes obligatory suggestions for improvement. Based on the "First Evaluation Round", this study compares the corruption-relevant national regulations of the criminal law and names their weaknesses. Moreover, the book analyzes in which way law enforcement agencies are organized and which authorities are available in the fight against corruption. Additionally, the immunity regulations-which could particularly stand contrary to the fight against corruption in the political sector-are evaluated. Institutions against Corruption systematizes the recommendations passed by GRECO, judges their coherence, and ventures a first assessment. Readers interested in corruption fighting will not only gain comparative legal insights, but also prospects on the recommendations with which GRECO intends to improve the fight against corruption in 35 of its member states.
Fundamental changes within economies are needed to create arm''s-length relations between governments, corporations, and banks. We are taking risks when investing in the future, and risk-taking demands openness and truthfulness from the agents we employ. If investors and accountants can concur on the degree of disclosure that is morally right we may come to some global agreement on what constitutes corruption OCo but to do this we have to bring together those who advocate profit-making with those who see this as usury; and we have to care for the future in novel ways OCo unknown in the past OCo so as to allow firms to be locally inefficient (apparently) while preserving the environment. This book looks widely at the prevailing situation in Asia and considers how little some governments are doing to guide their institutions towards probity and transparency. While fundamental changes are needed around the globe, it is in the developing nations that there is scope for radical change in the near future, as their institutions are re-created to meet the modern world. Once developed and functioning their managers will have the opportunity to facilitate and re-direct the institutions in the developed world, which happen to be more conservative than their own. Contents: The OECD Convention and Asia (E Quinones); The Asian Money Laundering Explosion (P Lilley); Corruption in Context (L Palmier); Monopoly Rights and Wrongs: Two Forms of Intellectual Property Rights Violations in Asia (H-B Cheah); Culture and Level of Industrialization as Determinants of Corruption in Asia (D Sculli); The Economy of Seepage and Leakage in Asia: The Most Dangerous Issue (G Etienne); Combating Corruption in Southeast Asia (C Wescott); The Nature of Corruption Hidden Culture: The Case of Korea (Y-L Moon & G N McLean); Comparative Study of Anti-Corruption Systems, Efforts and Strategies in Asian Countries: Focusing on Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and Korea (T Kim); and other papers. Readership: Final-year undergraduates, master''s and MBA students in ethics and social science; researchers on Asian topics, managers and policy-makers."
This book chronicles the anti-corruption reforms in public services in Georgia since the Rose Revolution in late 2003. Through a series of case studies, the book draws out the how of these reforms and distills the key success factors.
Corruption is once again high on the international policy agenda as a result of globalization, the spread of democracy, and major scandals and reform initiatives. But the concept itself has been a focus for social scientists for many years, and new findings and data take on richer meanings when viewed in the context of long-term developments and enduring conceptual debates. This compendium, a much-enriched version of a work that has been a standard reference in the field since 1970, offers concepts, cases, and fresh evidence for comparative analysis.Building on a nucleus of classic studies laying out the nature and development of the concept of corruption, the book also incorporates recent work on economic, cultural, and linguistic dimensions of the problem, as well as critical analyses of several approaches to reform. While many authors are political scientists, work by historians, economists, and sociologists are strongly represented. Two-thirds of the nearly fifty articles are based either on studies especially written or translated for this volume, or on selected journal literature published in the 1990s. The tendency to treat corruption as merely a synonym for bribery is illuminated by analyses of the diverse terminology and linguistic techniques that help distinguish corruption problems in the major languages. Recent attempts to measure corruption, and to analyze its causes and effects quantitatively are also critically examined. New contributions emphasize especially: corruption phenomena in Asia and Africa; contrasts among region and regime types; comparing U.S. state corruption incidence; European Party finance and corruption; assessments of international corruption rating project; analyses of international corruption control treaties; unintended consequences of anti-corruption efforts. Cumulatively, the book combines description richness, analytical thrust, conceptual awareness, and contextual articulation.
Much of the devastation caused by the recent earthquake in Turkey was the result of widespread corruption between the construction industry and government officials. Corruption is part of everyday public life and we tend to take it for granted. However, preventing corruption helps to raise city revenues, improve service delivery, stimulate public confidence and participation, and win elections. This book is designed to help citizens and public officials diagnose, investigate and prevent various kinds of corrupt and illicit behaviour. It focuses on systematic corruption rather than the free-lance activity of a few law-breakers, and emphasises practical preventive measures rather than purely punitive or moralistic campaigns.
The malaise of corruption has become deeply embedded in the political and social fabric of the Indian society. The increased frequency and scale of corruption have had deleterious effects on a wide range of issues. Corruption, therefore, must be viewed not just as an issue of law and order or of the criminal justice system; instead it has larger and adverse implications for development initiatives, transparency in administration, economic growth, access to justice, and human rights. This important and timely work adopts a new approach for analysing corruption—corruption as a violation of human rights. Highlighting the inherent deficiencies in the existing institutions, mechanisms, laws, and law enforcement agencies, the book strongly proposes the adoption of a multi-pronged strategy for eliminating corruption. This includes the creation of a new legislative framework, an effective institutional mechanism, a new independent and empowered commission against corruption, and greater participation of the civil society. It also compares India's experiences of combating corruption with many societies in Asia including Singapore and Hong Kong.
This book examines the issues and challenges raised by the debarment or disqualification of corrupt suppliers from public contracts, comparing and contrasting the legal, practical and institutional approaches to the implementation of the disqualification mechanism in the EU, the UK, the US, South Africa and the World Bank.