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This monograph deals with the structural aspects of transport processes of gases, physical ageing and thermo-oxidative degradation of polymers in detail. Fractal analysis, cluster models of the polymer structurea ‘s amorphous state as well as irreversible aggregation models are used as main structural models. It is shown that the polymer structure
This book provides an important structural analysis of polymer solutions and melts, using fractal analysis. The book covers the theoretical fundamentals of macromolecules fractal analysis. It then goes on to discuss the fractal physics of polymer solutions and the fractal physics of melts. The intended audience of the book includes specialists in c
The basic problem of polymer physics is obtaining a ‘structure-propertiesa correlations for their future application for practical purposes. However, these cannot be obtained without the development of a quantitative model of the polymer structure.This problem has been actively investigated during the last 45 years.
Nanochemistry is a science connected with obtaining and studying of physical-chemical properties of particles having sizes on the nanometer scale. This book addresses polymer synthesis which, according to Melikhov's classification, is automatically part of nanochemistry. This is determined as far as polymeric macromolecules (more precisely macromolecular coils) belong to nanoparticles and polymeric sols and gels - to nanosystems. Catalysis on nanoparticles is one of the most important sections of nanochemistry. The majority of catalytic systems are nanosystems. At heterogeneous catalysis the active substance is tried to deposit on carrier in nanoparticles form in order to increase their specific surface. At homogeneous catalysis active substance molecules have often in themselves nanometer sizes. The most favorable conditions for homogeneous catalysis are created when reagent molecules are adsorbed rapidly by nanoparticles and are desorbed slowly but have high surface mobility and, consequently, high reaction rate on the surface and at the reaction molecules of such structure are formed at which desorption rate is increased sharply. If these conditions are realised in nanosystem with larger probability than in macrosystem, then nanocatalyst has the raising activity that was observed for many systems.
Polymers are substances containing a large number of structural units joined by the same type of linkage. These substances often form into a chain-like structure. Starch, cellulose, and rubber all possess polymeric properties. Today, the polymer industry has grown to be larger than the aluminium, copper and steel industries combined. Polymers already have a range of applications that far exceeds that of any other class of material available to man. Current applications extend from adhesives, coatings, foams, and packaging materials to textile and industrial fibres, elastomers, and structural plastics. Polymers are also used for most composites, electronic devices, biomedical devices, optical devices, and precursors for many newly developed high-tech ceramics. This new volume presents leading-edge research in this rapidly-changing and evolving field.
This book delineates the scientific principles of design and fabrication of packaging materials for food as well as methods for structural modification and other techniques. It describes the main practical properties and applications of polymer materials and highlights the analysis of all processes taking place during formations and destruction of
This new book explores the consideration of relationships that connect the structural and basic mechanical properties of polymeric mediums within the frameworks of fractal analysis with cluster model representations attraction. Incidentally, the choice of any structural model of medium or their combinations is defined by expediency and further usag
The development of advanced materials has become extremely important in the last decade, being widely used in academic and industrial research. This book examines the potential of advanced materials as well as nanotechnology to improve fiber science from fibril to fabric mode, to create better materials and products for a variety of aspects. The book presents research advances in materials behavior using fractal analysis, mathematical modeling and simulation, and other methods. Examined are electrical, mechanical, optical, and magnetic properties; size; morphology; and chemical behavior of such materials as aerogels, polymer films, nanocomposite materials, natural composites, catalysis, and more with a view to their application in the medical, engineering, and textile fields. With chapters written by eminent scientists, the book offers valuable information for academics, researchers, and engineering professionals. Contributions range from new methods to novel applications of existing methods to help readers gain understanding of the material and/or structural behavior of new and advanced systems.
Semiconductor technologies are moving at such a fast pace that new materials are needed in all types of application. Manipulating the materials and their properties at atomic dimensions has become a must. This book presents the case of interlayer dielectrics materials whilst considering these challenges. Interlayer Dielectrics for Semiconductor Technologies cover the science, properties and applications of dielectrics, their preparation, patterning, reliability and characterisation, followed by the discussion of different materials including those with high dielctric constants and those useful for waveguide applications in optical communications on the chip and the package.* Brings together for the FIRST time the science and technology of interlayer deilectrics materials, in one volume* written by renowned experts in the field* Provides an up-to-date starting point in this young research field.