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This book offers a broad view of the tension between state and market in the political evolution of the European Union. Contemporary developments and issues are set within the historical context of state formation. Paul Kapteyn argues that states are invariably formed by violent conquest, or by fusion in the face of an external threat; and that markets can emerge only only when the state has been established. He points out that while the histories of France, Britain, The Netherlands and Germany conform to these rules, the European Union does not; and he goes on to explore the reasons why this is not so, and its implications. The second section of the book is based on empirical research. Paul Kapteyn underpins his theoretical and historical argument with an analysis of official documents, newspaper articles and interviews with Eurocrats form the various member states. He concentrates especially on two case studies, of the Treaty of Schengen on judicial cooperation and harmonization, and of the problem of EU fraud. He also looks closely at eh consquences of the Maastricht Treaty. The Stateless Marlet is a thought-provoking text, ideally suited to students on European studies, politics, international relations and sociology courses. it will also be of great interest to those professionally concerned with European integration.
This book offers a broad view of the tension between state and market in the political evolution of the European Union. Contemporary developments and issues are set within the historical context of state formation. Paul Kapteyn argues that states are invariably formed by violent conquest, or by fusion in the face of an external threat; and that markets can emerge only only when the state has been established. He points out that while the histories of France, Britain, The Netherlands and Germany conform to these rules, the European Union does not; and he goes on to explore the reasons why this is not so, and its implications. The second section of the book is based on empirical research. Paul Kapteyn underpins his theoretical and historical argument with an analysis of official documents, newspaper articles and interviews with Eurocrats form the various member states. He concentrates especially on two case studies, of the Treaty of Schengen on judicial cooperation and harmonization, and of the problem of EU fraud. He also looks closely at eh consquences of the Maastricht Treaty. The Stateless Marlet is a thought-provoking text, ideally suited to students on European studies, politics, international relations and sociology courses. it will also be of great interest to those professionally concerned with European integration.
In Stateless Commerce, Barak Richman uses the colorful case study of the diamond industry to explore how ethnic trading networks operate and why they persist in the twenty-first century. How, for example, does the 47th Street diamond district in midtown Manhattan—surrounded by skyscrapers and sophisticated financial institutions—continue to thrive as an ethnic marketplace that operates like a traditional bazaar? Conventional models of economic and technological progress suggest that such primitive commercial networks would be displaced by new trading paradigms, yet in the heart of New York City the old world persists. Richman’s explanation is deceptively simple. Far from being an anachronism, 47th Street’s ethnic enclave is an adaptive response to the unique pressures of the diamond industry. Ethnic trading networks survive because they better fulfill many functions usually performed by state institutions. While the modern world rests heavily on lawyers, courts, and state coercion, ethnic merchants regularly sell goods and services by relying solely on familiarity, trust, and community enforcement—what economists call “relational exchange.” These commercial networks insulate themselves from the outside world because the outside world cannot provide those assurances. Extending the framework of transactional cost and organizational economics, Stateless Commerce draws on rare insider interviews to explain why personal exchange succeeds, even as most global trade succumbs to the forces of modernization, and what it reveals about the limitations of the modern state in governing the economy.
This book is an ambitious intertwining of multidisciplinary themes about citizenship, social exclusion, statelessness, civil society, knowledge, the public sphere, networks and narrativity. Margaret Somers offers a fundamental rethinking of democracy, freedom, rights and social justice in today's world. This is political, economic and cultural sociology and social theory at its best.
This book elaborates and defends law without the state. It explains why the state is illegitimate, dangerous and unnecessary.
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Statelessness in Context -- 2. A Case Study in Statelessness: Diamonds, the Diamond Network, and Diamontaires -- 3. The Mechanics of Statelessness -- 4. A Theory of Statelessness -- 5. The Costs of Statelessness: Cartel Behavior and Resistance to Change -- 6. Lessons from Statelessness: Economic History, Ethnic Networks, and Development Policy -- 7. Governing Statelessness -- 8. The Limits of Statelessness and an Autopsy of Cooperation -- Notes -- References -- Index
Governments across the globe have begun evolving from lumbering bureaucracies into smaller, more agile special jurisdictions - common-interest developments, special economic zones, and proprietary cites. Private providers increasingly deliver services that political authorities formerly monopolized, inspiring greater competition and efficiency, to the satisfaction of citizens-qua-consumers. These trends suggest that new networks of special jurisdictions will soon surpass nation states in the same way that networked computers replaced mainframes. In this groundbreaking work, Tom W. Bell describes the quiet revolution transforming governments from the bottom up, inside-out, worldwide, and how it will fulfill its potential to bring more freedom, peace, and prosperity to people everywhere.
An investigation into the theoretical foundations of ordoliberal thought and its historical and theoretical contexts.
'In our supposedly borderless world, having a nationality, and thus access to documents which permit travel and proof of identity, has become increasingly important. In many parts of the world, including the cases in Europe, Africa and Asia covered in this collection, large groups of people struggle with forms of de facto or de jure statelessness. In addition to providing a conceptual framework derived from international human rights norms for understanding better the phenomenon of statelessness, this collection presents important empirical research material helping us to understand, from the ground up, how statelessness is experienced.' Jo Shaw, University of Edinburgh, UK 'What difference does citizenship make? The vulnerability of stateless persons clearly demonstrates the benefits of having a nationality. But so far nobody has examined how much the situation of stateless persons improves when they finally get documents and citizenship status. This exploratory study analyses practical difficulties and real progress in overcoming statelessness. It gives voice to the victims and sets a political agenda. Academic researchers, non-governmental organizations and policy-makers should read this book.' Rainer Bauböck, European University Institute, Florence, Italy 'Embracing a subject that is generally treated abstractly, as a matter of human rights law, the authors of this pathbreaking book root statelessness deep into historical context and lived experience. They emerge with conclusions that are both dismaying (the expansive scope of the problem) and hopeful (the measurable progress some states have made in expanding the boundaries of citizenship). Alas, this eloquent book could hardly be more timely.' Linda K. Kerber, University of Iowa, US The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimates that there are more than 12 million stateless people in the world. The existence of stateless populations challenges some central tenets of international law and contemporary human rights discourses, yet only a very small number of states have made measurable progress in helping individuals acquire or regain citizenship. This fascinating study examines positive developments in eight countries and pinpoints the benefits of citizenship now enjoyed by formerly stateless persons. The expert contributors present an original comparative study that draws upon legal and political analysis as well as empirical research (incorporating over 120 interviews conducted in eight countries), and features the documentary photography of Greg Constantine. The benefits of citizenship over statelessness are identified at both community and individual level, and include the fundamental right to enjoy a nationality, to obtain identification documents, to be represented politically, to access the formal labor market and to move about freely. Gaining or reacquiring citizenship helps eliminate isolation and solicits the empowerment of individuals, collectively and personally. Such changes are of considerable importance to the advancement of a human rights regime based on dignity and respect. This highly original and thought-provoking book will strongly appeal to a wide-ranging audience including academics, researchers, students, human rights activists and government officials with an interest in a diverse range of fields encompassing law, international studies, public policy, human rights and citizenship.