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This report discusses the services disadvantaged children need to prepare for school, the extent to which they receive these services from early childhood centers (defined as providing child development, parent, and health and nutrition services), and the reasons early childhood centers may not deliver all the services these children need. Chapter 1 describes the objectives, scope and methodology of the study and the funding of early childhood programs by federal and state governments. Chapter 2 discusses the full range of services needed to prepare children for school: developmentally appropriate, high quality services; parent services and health care and nutrition services. Chapter 3 presents two reasons why most disadvantaged children do not receive these services: they do not attend early childhood centers, and, if they do attend early childhood programs, the centers that they attend may provide only limited services. The limited number of places available in the centers, limited subsidies, and narrow program missions are discussed in chapter 4 as barriers which impede centers' efforts to provide services to disadvantaged children. The last chapter suggests changes required in the areas of funding and program missions so that the first national education goal, "by the year 2000, all children will enter school ready to learn" can be met. This report contains seven appendices including: description of selected federal programs that provide early childhood services; case studies of early childhood programs in four states; technical description of national data analyses; standards that apply to early childhood centers; and Department of Education comments.
Winner of the 2011 Virginia A. Hodgkinson Book Prize presented by the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA) The spectacular recent success of state-funded preschool education is revealed and explained in this absorbing study. A quiet revolution has been underway in American education policy since 1995, with forty-one states and the District of Columbia creating some form of state-funded preschool learning. Brenda K. Bushouse tells why it became politically advantageous for state legislators to support universal access to preschool programs and how political and budgetary stability was achieved to spur this initiative. In 2001, the Pew Charitable Trusts announced an ambitious new giving program aimed at creating universal preschool for all three- and four-year-olds. Bushouse reveals Pew's unorthodox giving program and complex strategy for advancing universal preschool policy change.
State school finance formula cause funding inadequacy, allocative inefficiency, and educational resource equity gaps. Legislative and court-ordered remedies have failed to solve the disparities among schools and districts. This book’s ground-breaking innovation shows how toshift the public education finance paradigm to fund K-12 public education properly, fully, and equitably by eliminating the duplicative and unnecessary layer of county government nationwide and repurposing those tax dollars while implementing economies of scale to achieve allocative efficiency.
Comprehensive and authoritative, this forward-thinking book reviews the breadth of current knowledge about early education and identifies important priorities for practice and policy. Robert C. Pianta and his associates bring together foremost experts to examine what works in promoting all children's school readiness and social-emotional development in preschool and the primary grades. Exemplary programs, instructional practices, and professional development initiatives?and the systems needed to put them into place?are described. The volume presents cutting-edge findings on the family and social context of early education and explores ways to strengthen collaboration between professionals and parents.