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This book examines how the shifts in the early 19th century in New York City affected children in particular. Indeed, one could argue that within this context, that “children” and “childhood” came into being. In order to explore this, the skeletal remains of the children buried at the small, local, yet politically radical Spring Street Presbyterian Church are detailed. Population level analyses are combined with individual biological profiles from sorted burials and individual stories combed from burial records and archival data. What emerges are life histories of children—of infants, toddlers, younger children, older children, and adolescents—during this time of transition in New York City. When combined with historical data, these life histories, for instance, tell us about what it was like to grow up in this changing time in New York City
When Angelina Grimké pleads with her brother Henry not to punish a household slave, she does not anticipate her “stony road” ahead as a remarkably effective abolitionist speaker. Leaving behind their illustrious slave-holding family, she and her sister, Sarah, take their northern audiences by storm. Yet the very fact of their speaking in public, as women, doubles the opposition they face and leads them to become among the earliest American voices for women’s rights. As they and their fellow abolitionists experience violent riots and the burning of their lecture hall, they wonder if their efforts have been in vain. Romance and marriage lead them to a less public life, but in the aftermath of Emancipation and the Civil War, a formidable challenge awaits them in the discovery of their unknown nephews. After their father’s death and prior to the war, these promising nephews, children of Henry and his slave mistress, Nancy Weston, are enslaved by their half-brother. Mistreated, abused, and beaten nearly to death, they eventually escape and find their way north, seeking a full education. But will their eventual encounter with their abolitionist aunts redeem the suffering they and their mother experienced at the hands of their southern family?
At the end of the 1830s the abolitionist sisters Sarah and Angelina Grimké, along with Angelina’s new husband, Theodore Weld, begin collecting first-hand accounts of the horrors of slavery and publishing them in American Slavery as It Is. The success of the book helps to move northern opinion against slavery. But the birth of children and the challenges of domestic lives mean the sisters set aside their public roles as voices against slavery and for women’s rights. Turning inward sets the sisters into painful conflict with each other. Teens Archibald and Francis Grimké, sons of Angelina and Sarah’s brother, Henry Grimké and his colored mistress, Nancy Weston, have barely survived the unspeakable hardships of slavery. They make their way to freedom in the North, but education proves elusive. Eventually their excellence as students at Lincoln University leads to their surprising revelation to their abolitionist aunts. At Harvard Law and at Princeton Theological, the young men embark on difficult but illustrious careers. But the end of Reconstruction means a renewed struggle for African American freedom and rights. The romantic and domestic heartbreaks of Archie and Frank are intertwined with their lifelong struggle for the survival and equal rights of their people.
Kyle Roberts explores the role of evangelical religion in the making of antebellum New York City and its spiritual marketplace. Between the American Revolution and the War of 1812a period of rebuilding after seven years of British occupationevangelicals emphasized individual conversion and rapidly expanded the number of their congregations. Then, up to the Panic of 1837, evangelicals shifted their focus from their own salvation to that of their neighbors, through the use of domestic missions, Seamen s Bethels, tract publishing, free churches, and abolitionism. Finally, in the decades before the Civil War, the city s dramatic expansion overwhelmed evangelicals, whose target audiences shifted, building priorities changed, and approaches to neighborhood and ethnicity evolved. By that time, though, evangelicals and the city had already shaped each other in profound ways, with New York becoming a national center of evangelicalism."
The first edition of The Archaeology of Childhood has been credited by many as launching an entire new area of scholarship in archaeology. This second edition, published 17 years later, retains the first edition’s emphasis on combining sources from archaeology, anthropology, environmental studies, psychology, and sociology, to create a rich interdisciplinary basis for studying childhood across time and across cultures. The second edition is updated with archaeological studies about childhood that have been published in the past 20 years, and readers will see that the archaeology of childhood is a field with a relatively short history but a rich and varied scholarship. Archaeologists study children in the very recent past, as well as Neanderthal and early modern human children, and every period in between. These studies use artifacts, the built environment, spatial analyses, the artistic representations, skeletal remains, and mortuary assemblages to illuminate the lives of children, their families, and communities. The book’s eight chapters cover: 1: The Archaeology of Childhood in Context 2: Childhood in Archaeology: Themes, Terms, and Foundations 3: The Cultural Creation of Childhood: The Idea of Socialization 4: Socialization and the Material Culture of Childhood 5: Socialization, Behavior, and the Spaces and Places of Childhood 6: Socialization, Symbols, and Artistic Representations of Children 7: Socialization, Childhood, and Mortuary Remains 8: Looking Back and Moving Forward This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the major themes in the archaeological study of childhood and introduces the concept of socialization as a way of framing archaeological scholarship on children. Case studies and examples from around the globe are included, and the author’s expertise on childhood in 18th-20th century America is drawn upon to provide more familiar examples for readers allowing them to question their own assumptions and understandings of what it means to be a child. Each chapter ends with discussion questions and learning activities.
The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)
The struggle to abolish slavery is one of the grandest quests - and central themes - of modern history. These movements for freedom have taken many forms, from individual escapes, violent rebellions, and official proclamations to mass organizations, decisive social actions, and major wars. Every emancipation movement - whether in Europe, Africa, or the Americas - has profoundly transformed the country and society in which it existed. This unique A-Z encyclopedia examines every effort to end slavery in the United States and the transatlantic world. It focuses on massive, broad-based movements, as well as specific incidents, events, and developments, and pulls together in one place information previously available only in a wide variety of sources. While it centers on the United States, the set also includes authoritative accounts of emancipation and abolition in Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America. "The Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition" provides definitive coverage of one of the most significant experiences in human history. It features primary source documents, maps, illustrations, cross-references, a comprehensive chronology and bibliography, and specialized indexes in each volume, and covers a wide range of individuals and the major themes and ideas that motivated them to confront and abolish slavery.