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The present study examines the metric variability of beer jars used for the official temple cult and private votive activities at the Thutmosis III chapel in the North Abydos Votive Zone (NAVZ), and beer jars and votive dishes deposited at Umm el-Qa'ab as private offerings for the Abydos Festival. An understanding of the socio-economic organization of pottery connected to private cultic activities and the official temple cult helps address broader debates regarding the pervasiveness of state/administrative control over the ancient Egyptian economy and the degree to which individuals had autonomy to participate in economic activities. The socio-economic organization of pottery production and procurement are examined in the present studying using metric analysis, or the statistical analysis of measurements of vessel attributes (e.g., rim diameter, height, etc.) of an assemblage that inform on its relative degree of standardization. Several issues persist with the theoretical foundation, methodology, and research design of metric analysis. In an effort to contribute to scholarship that seeks to address these issues, the present study additionally conducts metric analysis of modern Egyptian pottery. To contextualize the results of the Abydos metric analysis, this study also examines the extant archaeological and textual evidence related to the socio-economic organization of pottery production in the New Kingdom. The results of the Abydos metric analysis study and the examination of textual and arcaheological evidence of New Kingdom pottery production suggests that rather than directly administered state-controlled pottery production, the demand for pottery used in temple and private ritual activities was met by networks of dispersed pottery workshops that were connected through social, economic, and work obligation relationships. Utlimately, this study shows that the organization of pottery production was distributed in ancient Egypt with both individuals and larger institutions (in this case temples) employing diverse strategies to produce and obtain pottery.
This dissertation is the first detailed description and in-depth analysis of the Middle Kingdom (2055--1650 B.C.) ceramic assemblage from the archaeological site of North Abydos, Egypt. It focuses on the pottery from an area just outside the main temple of the god Osiris, which was called the "Terrace of the Great God" during this period, where many private individuals built mud-brick chapels for their commemoration. Chapter 1 provides the background information, such as the history of previous investigations of the site and the design of the present research project. Chapter 2 describes the archaeological contexts of the pottery assemblage, including the types, distribution, and chronological sequence of the memorial chapels, as well as the stratigraphic information gleaned from new archaeological excavations. Chapter 3 lays out the pottery fabric types that are attested at the site and presents the results of the quantitative analyses of various fabrics. Chapter 4 discusses the form classification system. Each morphological type is defined, illustrated, and provided with comparanda from other sites and notes on their chronological significance. This chapter also presents the results of the quantitative analyses of various forms. In Chapter 5, more specific dates are assigned to the stratigraphic phases discussed in Chapter 2 based on the ceramic evidence. Chapter 6 examines the ceramic industry at North Abydos during the Middle Kingdom and compares and contrasts it with the modes of pottery production and distribution that were practiced in the rest of Egypt during the same period. The assemblage analyzed in this study is catalogued in an appendix and illustrated in the figures. General index is provided.
The wish to affiliate with a specific cultural, social, or ethnical group is as important today as it was in past societies, such as that of the ancient Egyptians. The same significance applies to the self-presentation of an individual within such a group. Although it is inevitable that we perceive ancient cultures through the lens of our time, place, and value systems, we can certainly try to look beyond these limitations. Questions of how the ancient Egyptians saw themselves and how individuals tried to establish and thus present themselves in society are central pieces of the puzzle of how we interpret this ancient culture. This volume focuses on the topic of identity and self-presentation, tackling the subject from many different angles: the ways in which social and personal identities are constructed and maintained; the manipulations of culture by individuals to reflect real or aspirational identities; and the methods modern scholars use to attempt to say something about ancient persons. Building on the work of Ronald J. Leprohon, to whom this volume is dedicated, contributions in this volume present an overview of our current state of understanding of patterns of identity and self-presentation in ancient Egypt. The contributions approach various aspects of identity and self-presentation through studies of gender, literature, material culture, mythology, names, and officialdom.
This catalogue for an exhibit at Chicago's Oriental Institute Museum presents the newest research on the Predynastic and Early Dynastic Periods in a lavishly illustrated format. Essays on the rise of the state, contact with the Levant and Nubia, crafts, writing, iconography and evidence from Abydos, Tell el-Farkha, Hierakonpolis and the Delta were contributed by leading scholars in the field. The catalogue features 129 Predynastic and Early Dynastic objects, most from the Oriental Institute's collection, that illustrate the environmental setting, Predynastic and Early Dynastic culture, religion and the royal burials at Abydos. This volume will be a standard reference and a staple for classroom use.
This book is aimed at students, teachers, and academics who have an interest in the study of urbanism in Egypt and the ancient world. This book provides for the first time, an up-to-date, comprehensive analysis of Egyptian urbanism during the Third Intermediate Period (1076-664 BCE).
In Excavations at the Seila Pyramid and Fag el-Gamous Cemetery, Kerry Muhlestein and team offer new information that will help shape thinking about the dawn of the pyramid age and life during cultural and religious change in Egypt’s Graeco-Roman Fayoum.
Presents proceedings from the eleventh International Congress of Egyptologists which took place at the Florence Egyptian Museum (Museo Egizio Firenze), Italy from 23- 30 August 2015.
In this interdisciplinary study, Leire Olabarria examines ancient Egyptian society through the notion of kinship. Drawing on methods from archaeology and sociocultural anthropology, she provides an emic characterisation of ancient kinship that relies on performative aspects of social interaction. Olabarria uses memorial stelae of the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom (ca.2150–1650 BCE) as her primary evidence. Contextualising these monuments within their social and physical landscapes, she proposes a dynamic way to explore kin groups through sources that have been considered static. The volume offers three case studies of kin groups at the beginning, peak, and decline of their developmental cycles respectively. They demonstrate how ancient Egyptian evidence can be used for cross-cultural comparison of key anthropological topics, such as group formation, patronage, and rites of passage.
Studies of seals and sealing practices have traditionally investigated aspects of social, political, economic, and ideological systems in ancient societies throughout the Old World. Previously, scholarship has focused on description and documentation, chronology and dynastic histories, administrative function, iconography, and style. More recent studies have emphasized context, production and use, and increasingly, identity, gender, and the social lives of seals, their users, and the artisans who produced them. Using several methodological and theoretical perspectives, this volume presents up-to-date research on seals that is comparative in scope and focus. The cross-cultural and interdisciplinary approach advances our understanding of the significance of an important class of material culture of the ancient world. The volume will serve as an essential resource for scholars, students, and others interested in glyptic studies, seal production and use, and sealing practices in the Ancient Near East, Egypt, Ancient South Asia and the Aegean during the 4th-2nd Millennia BCE.