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This second volume of the Handbook presents professional surveys of all the important topics in urban economics. The first section contains 6 surveys on locational analysis, the second, 5 surveys of specific urban markets, and the third part presents 5 surveys of government policy issues. The book brings together exhaustive research by distinguished scholars from many countries. It is the only complete survey volume of urban economics and should serve as a reference volume to scholars and graduate students for many years. For more information on the Handbooks in Economics series, please see our home page on http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/hes--
The housing market, like every market, is the product of thousands of interacting buyers and sellers driven by different interests. But unlike other markets, the housing market is able to profoundly transform the socioeconomic structure and the image of a city. Very often, changes in urban space are the result of the imperceptible operation of a multitude of micro-transformations which act with such great energy and decisiveness that they can transform the ‘DNA’ of entire urban neighborhoods. These qualitative novelties, unpredictable and non-deducible on the basis of the previous properties, are defined emergences. Namely emergence means a ‘pattern formation’ characterized by a self-organizing process driven by non-linear dynamics. This book explores housing market emergence in light of three different phenomena: search for housing, social polarization, and gentrification. The book is divided into two parts. The first part presents contributions on modelling emergence of different phenomena, formalised in multi-agent systems. The second part gathers empirical research and analyses aimed at supporting the findings of the models.
The present volume is an outgrowth of several years' interactions be tween U. S. American and W. -German economists interested in analyzing the structure and functioning of housing markets, and the impacts of govern mental policies on these markets. Such an interaction turns out to be fruitful in several respects. Unquestionably, German economists can learn a lot from the high level of sophistication exhibited in much of the American literature. However, this is not a one way road of learning and the adoption of concepts, for the following reason. Most of the analysis presented in that literature hinges on the use of the standard microeco nomics textbook tools. Now, even a casual observation of housing markets in European countries reveals that behavior and conduct in these markets do not follow the assumptions presumed in this mode of analysis, which calls into question the uncritical employment of that tool kit. This has important consequences for policy analysis and indeed, for some principal attitudes towards housing policy, and points sharply to the need for developing analytical concepts that take up more of the pecul iarities of housing market behavior and conduct. While such a develop ment may be particularly warranted in view of European housing markets, we maintain this to be the case in view of the American housing market as well.
This book constitutes revised, selected, and invited papers from the First International Workshop on Agent Based Modelling of Urban Systems, ABMUS 2016, held in conjunction with AAMAS 2016 in Singapore in May 2016. The 11 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: urban systems modeling; traffic simulation in urban modeling; and applications.
This book assesses the effects of spatially concentrated programs for housing and neighborhood improvement. These programs provide direct assistance to low-income property owners in an attempt to arrest neighborhood decline and encourage revitalization. The authors used the Harvard Urban Development Simulation Model (HUDS) in evaluating these programs. HUDS, a large-scale computer model, represents the process of housing rehabilitation, the production and consumption of housing services, household moving decisions, and other determinant of neighborhood change. The model simulates the behavior of approximately 80,000 individual households in two hundred residential neighborhoods of various quality levels. Unlike more aggregate models of urban development, HUDS has the capacity to identify how specific housing policies affect individual households as well as particular neighborhoods. Since program evaluations are no better than the models on which they are based, the authors provide sufficient detail to permit those readers primarily interested in the policy analysis to assess the methodology and to understandhow the policies are represented in the model; a more technical discussion of the model is then presented in appendixes. Although the simulations focus on policies that induce central-city property owners to upgrade their properties and thus stimulate revitalization, many of the authors' findings are relevant to larger issues of urban development. For example, the analysis of how housing rehabilitation subsidies affect the investment behavior of nonsubsidized property owners provides insights about the link between initial upgrading and sustained neighborhood improvement. The analysis also demonstrates how differences in location, household, and housing stock characteristics affect a particular neighborhood's responsiveness to a common policy initiative.
This book, Urban Simulation Modeling: An Introduction and Experimental Applications in the Czech Republic, provides readers with a review of basic urban simulation modeling methodology and discusses the constraints and potentials of its application in the Czech Republic. The first part of the book elaborates on eleven distinct urban simulation models with the aim of illustrating the basic theoretical and methodological approaches to urban simulation modeling. The analysis of the models focuses on the way the models represent essential urban entities and processes with the primary objective to make the assumptions on which the models are based more explicit. Special emphasis is placed on the behavioral content of the models. The first part concludes with a discussion of the potential use of the models for policy analysis. In the second part of the book, several experimental simulation models illustrate the potentials and limits of the micro-simulation modeling of the most essential urban processes and provide methodological and technical guidance for their development and implementation in the Czech Republic.
Originally published in 1982, this book contains research in the area of econometric modelling in the housing market, including that which has extended to the use of search models. The subjects covered include the importance of racial differences, spatial aspects of residential search and information provision and its effect on the behaviour of the buyers. The combination of careful analytic modelling, empirical testing and speculative discussions of the role of agents in the search process provides an innovative and imaginative approach to the interesting problems of understanding the individual behaviour in complex contexts such as the urban housing market.
Fifteen essays in this handbook are divided into four parts. Part I surveys basic spatial and spatially related research; Part II surveys literature on specific urban markets; Part III is devoted to studies of urban development and problems in developing countries.; Part IV contains papers on specific urban problems and sectors.