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It is approximately 128 years since diplomatic relations were severed between Venezuela and Great Britain over the border issue with Guyana. At the the insistence of Venezuela, the United States considered the controversy as falling within the purview of the Monroe Doctrine. Consequently, the United States pressured Great Britain into making an Agreement with Venezuela in 1897. This Agreement averted a war between the two major powers. The parties agreed to submit the dispute to arbitration under the Treaty of Washington. Both sides agreed that the findings of the Arbitration Tribunal would be final.However, Venezuela has nullified the Award. The Geneva Agreement of 1966 was then signed. The Agreement was specifically designed to address the issue raised by Venezuela. However, the Agreement clearly stipulated that no new claim, or enlargement of an existing claim, to territorial sovereignty in those territories shall be asserted while this Agreement is in force.
In this sobering analysis of American foreign policy under Trump, the award-winning economist calls for a new approach to international engagement. The American Century began in 1941 and ended in 2017, on the day of President Trump’s inauguration. The subsequent turn toward nationalism and “America first” unilateralism did not made America great. It announced the abdication of our responsibilities in the face of environmental crises, political upheaval, mass migration, and other global challenges. As a result, America no longer dominates geopolitics or the world economy as it once did. In this incisive and passionate book, Jeffrey D. Sachs provides the blueprint for a new foreign policy that embraces global cooperation, international law, and aspirations for worldwide prosperity. He argues that America’s approach to the world must shift from military might and wars of choice to a commitment to shared objectives of sustainable development. A New Foreign Policy explores both the danger of the “America first” mindset and the possibilities for a new way forward, proposing timely and achievable plans to foster global economic growth, reconfigure the United Nations for the twenty-first century, and build a multipolar world that is prosperous, peaceful, fair, and resilient.
This thoroughly revised and updated edition is the most comprehensive and detailed reference ever published on United Nations. The book demystifies the complex workings of the world's most important and influential international body.
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
The maritime land and river boundary disputes between the adjacent South American countries of Suriname and Guyana existed long before the two nations gained independence from colonialism. Both countries claim sovereignty over three regions: the Courantyne River which separates them; the New River Triangle, which lies at the southern edge of the adjacent countries; and part of the Caribbean Sea, which extends north from their coastlines. The issue was of little importance until the discovery of important natural resources in the contested regions: gold deposits were found in the New River Triangle and offshore petroleum opportunities arose on the continental shelf. When both nations realized that timely resolution was economically crucial, they renewed efforts to achieve a comprehensive bilateral demarcation. However, a mutually agreeable settlement has proved far more elusive than anticipated.In Intervention Border and Maritime Issues in CARICOM, the contributors address this ongoing boundary dispute as well other maritime disputes between Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago and Guatemala and Belize. The background of the disputes are discussed in the context of international law as well as CARICOM s intervention and non-intervention. The major conflicts have tested the goodwill and ability of member states and CARICOM to find common ground at the leadership level. At a time when the Community is grappling with the erosion of preferential agreements as well as competition for aid from countries in the east of an expanded Europe, striking a harmonious balance with the self-interests of individual states in order to resolve conflict is of supreme importance.Recommendations for the resolution of conflict are offered, including a strengthening of Community mechanisms so as to avoid inciting external interference and intervention in any form. The assertion of individual interests however, will continue to test the flexibility and resourcefulness of CARICOM in absorbing and accommodating these interests. CARICOM must find a way between an inter-governmental approach and a supranational approach that best represents the interests of all of its members.
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Now in its fifth edition, this volume offers a clear, concise, and nuanced history of U.S. foreign relations since the Spanish–American War and places that narrative within the context of the most influential historiographical trends and debates. The History of American Foreign Policy from 1895 includes both revised and new sections that incorporate insights from recent scholarship on the United States in the world. These sections devote more attention to the international framework as well as the domestic constraints under which American foreign policymakers operated. This edition also emphasizes the role of non-state actors such as missionaries, aid workers, activists, and business leaders in shaping policies and contributing to international relations. As a result, the text considers a broader and more diverse range of people and voices than many other histories of U.S. foreign policy. Expanded final chapters bring the story of U.S. foreign relations to the present and explore some of the contemporary challenges facing American and global leaders, including terrorism, the effects of climate change, China’s increasing influence, and globalization. Updated controversial issues sections and suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter reflect important contributions from new studies. This engaging text is an invaluable resource for students interested in the history of American foreign policy and international relations.