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Michigan's foremost lumbertowns, flourishing urban industrial centers in the late 19th century, faced economic calamity with the depletion of timber supplies by the end of the century. Turning to their own resources and reflecting individual cultural identities, Saginaw, Bay City, and Muskegon developed dissimilar strategies to sustain their urban industrial status. This study is a comprehensive history of these lumbertowns from their inception as frontier settlements to their emergence as reshaped industrial centers. Primarily an examination of the role of the entrepreneur in urban economic development, Michigan Lumbertowns considers the extent to which the entrepreneurial approach was influenced by each city's cultural-ethnic construct and its social history. More than a narrative history, it is a study of violence, business, and social change.
The first major study of the migration of French Canadians to Michigan during the nineteenth century and their substantial impact on the state's development.
Archaeologists across the Midwest have pooled their data and perspectives to produce this indispensable volume on the Native cultures of the Late Woodland period (approximately A.D. 300?1000). Sandwiched between the well-known Hopewellian and Mississippian eras of monumental mound construction, theøLate Woodland period has received insufficient attention from archaeologists, who have frequently characterized it as consisting of relatively drab artifact assemblages. The close connections between this period and subsequent Mississippian and Fort Ancient societies, however, make it especially valuable for cross-cultural researchers. Understanding the cultural processes at work during the Late Woodland period will yield important clues about the long-term forces that stimulate and enhance social inequality. Late Woodland Societies is notable for its comprehensive geographic coverage; exhaustive presentation and discussion of sites, artifacts, and prehistoric cultural practices; and critical summaries of interpretive perspectives and trends in scholarship. The vast amount of information and theory brought together, examined, and synthesized by the contributors produces a detailed, coherent, and systematic picture of Late Woodland lifestyles across the Midwest. The Late Woodland can now be seen as a dynamic time in its own right and instrumental to the emergence of complex late prehistoric cultures across the Midwest and Southeast.
Foreword: Placement of the term "changeable" next to the word "historical" in this book's title may appear repetitive to the insightful reader. Indeed history is an ongoing process. Communities grow, populations vary, and economies rise and fall. History captures and interprets the change that goes on around us. Yet in Saginaw "change" is the password that opens the door to understanding the community's past. Few cities have undergone such extensive economic fluctuations, physical restructuring and demographic changes as Saginaw. The exploitation of "inexhaustible resources," first by the Indians, fur traders and later lumbermen marked earlier changes. This bounty did not last forever; after 30 years of transition something even better came along. By combining text, documents, remembrances, and quotations with a pictorial narrative one can look back at Saginaw's changeable past. New faces and new technologies will likely bring additional challenges, but by looking at the past Saginaw's citizens can be reassured that the accomplishments and adaptability of earlier generations has prepared the community well for the changeable future.
Pt. 1. Introduction to general aids. pt. 2. Regional: v.1. The United States of America.
This text examines the history of the Great Lakes Basin in relation to its importance as a place of social, economic, and political interaction between the United States and Canada.