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We have long assumed that even the most primitive societies had certain minimal cultural absolutes: ceremonies for marriage, birth, death, and coming of age; leadership by strong, dominant, alpha males or sage elders; competitive games and play; religious ritual to intercede with the supernatural. Our assumptions have been completely wrong... The seed of Civilization came from within human beings born after the advent of agriculture. It germinated and grew within the human psyche. It fostered a change in human behavior so disruptive that the species was in danger of extinction. Civilization became the solution and salvation.
We have long assumed that even the most primitive societies had certain minimal cultural absolutes: ceremonies for marriage, birth, death, and coming of age; leadership by strong, dominant, alpha males or sage elders; competitive games and play; religious ritual to intercede with the supernatural. Our assumptions have been completely wrong. We have ignored first-hand evidence and failed to connect that evidence to obvious correlation with our Stone Age ancestors. Civilization is not the result of hundreds of thousands of years of continuous human progress. The genesis of human Civilization had a seed, a direct and definable cause. People had lived a stable, unchanging lifestyle for 150,000 years before Civilization began. Then something changed. The question to be answered is, "If human beings were nonviolent for 150,000 years how and why did they become murderous, violent, and abusive?" Because that was not a small insignificant change. It was a radical, complete reversal of human behaviors and social order. The Seed of Civilization came from within human beings born after the advent of agriculture. It germinated and grew within the human psyche. It fostered a change in human behavior so disruptive that the species was in danger of extinction. Civilization became the solution and salvation.
Ten thousand years ago, our species made a radical shift in its way of life: We became farmers rather than hunter-gatherers. Although this decision propelled us into the modern world, renowned geneticist and anthropologist Spencer Wells demonstrates that such a dramatic change in lifestyle had a downside that we’re only now beginning to recognize. Growing grain crops ultimately made humans more sedentary and unhealthy and made the planet more crowded. The expanding population and the need to apportion limited resources created hierarchies and inequalities. Freedom of movement was replaced by a pressure to work that is the forebear of the anxiety millions feel today. Spencer Wells offers a hopeful prescription for altering a life to which we were always ill-suited. Pandora’s Seed is an eye-opening book for anyone fascinated by the past and concerned about the future.
The history of civilization told through the story of man’s relation to and use of seeds. Seeds have influenced evolution, and for millennia they have influenced and sometimes determined where and how we live. This is an epic tale, given added enchantment by the fact that to most of us seeds mean little more than tiny objects in paper packets: who thinks first of rice, wheat, coffee, nuts, peas, beans, or olives? Here, Peter Thompson unfolds the absorbing history of how, after centuries of investigation, we finally discovered what seeds do and how they work. This is a scientific detective story with heroes and heroines following clues and finding answers. Thompson brings to life the eccentrics, explorers, amateurs, and highly dedicated professionals who have accumulated our knowledge. Some are well known, such as Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel; others, like the Russian geneticist Nikolai Vavilov, are less so. The seeds also have a story and appear to have personalities, ambitions, and “stratagems” of their own. The book concludes with a chapter by Stephen Harris on current debates about genetically modified crops, seed conservation, and plant ownership in the contemporary world.
Burke and Halbert present the scientific evidence behind their startling, original theory: ancient peoples constructed temples, mounds, and megaliths to increase the fertility of crops. These peoples used an ancient technology, only now rediscovered.
In spite of its tough message, there is much compassion and humanity in The Final Empire. Right away as you begin to read this work, you sense increasingly the grand perspective in Kötke's words. He is not speaking of anarchy. He is offering vital common sense. It's just that his meaning is so unavoidably political. And so much against what we have been taught all our lives: The materialistic values of civilization teach us that the accumulation of wealth is progress. The material wealth of the civilization is derived from the death of the earth, the soils, the forests, the fish stocks, the 'free resources' of flora and fauna. The ultimate end of this is for all human species to live in giant parasitical cities of cement and metal while surrounded by deserts of exhausted soils. The simple polar opposites are: the richness and wealth of the natural life of earth versus the material wealth of people living out their lives in artificial environments. This amounts to a direct challenge to humankind. A demand for radical change. A re-envisioning of our part in the community of life and the precepts of individuality. And Mr. Kötke provides a strong argument for this case. He traces the environmental scars of civilization through the ages. Empire after empire, desertification of the top soil winds its way around the globe in an erosive helix from China to India to Mesopotamia to Italy to North America. As radical as it may seem at first glance, The Final Empire is a necessary and sensible primer for the recovery of the planet. It blends a critical statistical analysis of our deteriorating environment with a positivism of hope for a post-empire age and a new whole-human relation to the living community of Earth. Dan Armstrong, Author of the Novels, Prairie Fire and Taming the Dragon
Eating is the second favorite activity of many people, and for some it is the first. This lively book recounts the intriguing story of the plants and animals that stand between humans and starvation. In narrating his tale, the author traces the intricate patterns of food use and distribution that have developed since prehistoric times. This book is a must reading for anyone interested in the problem of feeding the world's teeming millions over the next half century.