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During World War I, American merchant ships were given oddly colored paint jobs to distort their profiles at sea. Dubbed "Razzle-Dazzle," these camouflage patterns were believed responsible for dramatic decreases in Allied shipping losses. This book examines the real (and more compelling) factors that made a difference in the survivability of merchant shipping: the various measures taken principally by the U.S. Navy, including the use of convoys and destroyer escorts, along with some innovative naval technologies. At the same time, advances in America's shipbuilding industry and the development of the nation's first major on-the-job training program enabled mass production of merchant ships at a record pace.
Although it is a subject of immense importance to warship enthusiasts, modelmakers, photograph collectors, and indeed academic naval historians, there has never been an authoritative history of camouflage. Apart from the huge scale of the subject, the reason for this lies largely in the fragmented nature of the surviving evidence, and the ad hoc nature of much wartime development. This book does not claim to be such a narrative history, but it does set out to provide a comprehensive study. Visual and illustrative in its approach, it is Anglo-American in emphasis, but the camouflage patterns of enemy navies (and selected neutrals) are covered as well.