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The aim of the study was to examine the role culture plays in caregiver's pain-related parent behaviors. This study used a cross-cultural survey design with a convenience sample of caregivers of 6-12-year-old children (N = 547) living in Canada (n = 183), Iceland (n = 184), or Thailand (n = 180). A team-translation approach included psychometric assessment and confirmatory factor analysis, ensuring an equivalent measurement model of cultural values, parenting styles, and pain-related caregiver responses across the three samples. Univariate analysis entailed comparing the average levels of, and multigroup structural equation modeling analysis of the relationships among, cultural values, parenting styles, and pain-related caregiver behaviors across Canadian, Icelandic, and Thai caregivers. Cross-country differences in the endorsement of cultural values (vertical individualism, horizontal individualism, and collectivism), parenting styles (authoritative and authoritarian), and pain-related behaviors (solicitousness and discouraging) emerged between Canadians and Thais, but not always in the expected direction. Icelanders were more similar to Thais than Canadians on the cultural values they endorsed. Country did not affect which cultural model of parenting (cultural values and parenting styles) caregivers adopted; thus, country did not predict pain-related behavior. Parenting styles mediated between cultural values and pain-related caregiver behaviors. Vertical/horizontal individualism, collectivism, and authoritative and authoritarian-parenting styles positively predicted solicitousness. Vertical individualism and authoritarian-parenting style were positive predictors of discouraging, whereas other predictors were not. Thesis results suggested that cross-country differences exist in how caregivers behave when their child is in pain. However, country does not appear to influence which cultural models of parenting caregivers adopted, including their pain-related behaviors. The four cultural models of parenting, predicting solicitousness, indicated that solicitousness may have different cultural meanings among individuals, and supports others' claims of solicitousness universality in a pediatric pain context. Future studies are needed to confirm if cultural models of parenting processes around pain-related caregiver behaviors are universal.
"Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043)." - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/
Family caregiving affects millions of Americans every day, in all walks of life. At least 17.7 million individuals in the United States are caregivers of an older adult with a health or functional limitation. The nation's family caregivers provide the lion's share of long-term care for our older adult population. They are also central to older adults' access to and receipt of health care and community-based social services. Yet the need to recognize and support caregivers is among the least appreciated challenges facing the aging U.S. population. Families Caring for an Aging America examines the prevalence and nature of family caregiving of older adults and the available evidence on the effectiveness of programs, supports, and other interventions designed to support family caregivers. This report also assesses and recommends policies to address the needs of family caregivers and to minimize the barriers that they encounter in trying to meet the needs of older adults.
Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. A Comprehensive Handbook of Cancer Pain Management in Developing Countries Written by an international panel of expert pain physicians, A Comprehensive Handbook of Cancer Pain Management in Developing Countries addresses this challenging and vital topic with reference to the latest body of evidence relating to cancer pain. It thoroughly covers pain management in the developing world, explaining the benefit of psychological, interventional, and complementary therapies in cancer pain management, as well as the importance of identifying and overcoming regulatory and educational barriers.
This invaluable resource presents a state-of-the-art account of the psychology of pain from leading researchers. It features contributions from clinical, social, and biopsychological perspectives, the latest theories of pain, as well as basic processes and applied issues. The book opens with an introduction to the history of pain theory and the epidemiology of pain. It then explores theoretical work, including the gate control theory/neuromatrix model, as well as biopsychosocial, cognitive/behavioral, and psychodynamic perspectives. Issues, such as the link between psychophysiological processes and consciousness and the communication of pain are examined. Pain over the life span, ethno-cultural, and individual differences are the focus of the next three chapters. Pain: Psychological Perspectives addresses current clinical issues: * pain assessment and acute and chronic pain interventions; * the unavailability of psychological interventions for chronic pain in a number of settings, the use of self-report, and issues related to the implementation of certain biomedical interventions; and * the latest ethical standards and the theories. Intended for practitioners, researchers, and students involved with the study of pain in fields such as clinical and health psychology, this book will also appeal to physicians, nurses, and physiotherapists. Pain is ideal for advanced courses on the psychology of pain, pain management, and related courses that address this topic.
Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
In August, 1985, the 2nd International Conference on Illness Behaviour was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The first International Conference took place one year previous in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. This book is based on the proceedings of the second conference. The purpose behind this conference was to facilitate the development of a single integrated model to account for illness experience and presentation. A major focus of the conference was to outline methodological issues related to current behaviour research. A multidiscipl~nary approach was emphasized because of the bias that collaborative efforts are likely to be the most successful in achieving greater understanding of illness behaviour. Significant advances in our knowledge are occurring in all areas of the biological and social sciences, albeit more slowly in the latter areas. Marked specialization in each of these areas has lead to greater difficulty in integrating new knowledge with that of other areas and the development of a meaningful cohesive model to which all can relate. Thus there is a major need for forums such as that provided by this conference.
A new edition of a highly regarded text in the series on Pain Research and Clinical Management. The book is now used as a standard reference text for those working in the field of neonatology and paediatric pain assessment and management. It provides a comprehensive resource of the latest information in the field for use by both researchers and clinicians. The text is intended for use by all professionals working in the field: neonatologists; pediatricians; anestheiologists; nurses; psychologists. Multidisciplinary editorship and authorship ensuring relevancy and balance of content for all professional groups concerned. Clinically relevant and research based. Edited and written by the best known international names in the field. Covers pain management in infants up to 1 year of age as well as term and preterm neonates. Includes new chapters on: Long-term consequences of neonatal pain from animal models; Pharmacogenetics and pharmacodynamics of analgesic drugs; Neuraxial and Regional Analgesia and Anesthesia; Fetal pain and surgery; Vulnerable Populations, Palliative Care; Infant Pain in the Home and Community, Developing Countries; Health Policy and Health Economics related to Infant Pain; Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Pain in Infancy; and Future Direction.
In this state-of-theart volume, culture is placed in the forefront of studying pain in an integrative manner. The authors put forth that a patient's culture should be studied with the purpose of unveiling its effects upon biological systems and the pain neuromatrix.