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The role of certification in rewarding sustainable fishing : hearing before the Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, September 24, 2013.
However, if any part of this causal chain fails, then the market-based tool may not produce the desired environmental outcomes. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) has emerged as a leading club that grants third-party certification for fisheries practices and is often cited as a successful example of a club good aligning incentives to promote sustainable fisheries. A growing body of literature using survey and market-based data has shown consumer preferences for MSC certified goods or other certified sustainable seafood products. However, since the first certification by MSC in 2000 many alternative clubs have entered the market and offer alternative third-party certification of sustainable fishing practices. No research to date has tested the perseverance of MSC price premiums or market share in the face of additional alternative certifications for responsible fisheries. This research is the first attempt to test the impact of varying the number of competing certifications of sustainable fishery practices on benefits to MSC certified firms. This research uses an online stated preference survey (n=610) to test the impact of additional certifications on market share and willingness to pay a 5% premium for MSC certified goods. This research finds that additional certified options decrease the market share for MSC certified goods. These survey results may suggest that benefits to firms in voluntary clubs for environmental practices may lose benefits when there is market entry in the same issue-space. The diluting of benefits to firms in existing clubs may diminish one motivation for firms to remain in voluntarily clubs for environmental practices. The contribution of this dissertation is the expansion of club owner agency within club theory to predict club member behavior and environmental outcomes. The findings of this dissertation suggest that additional entry to the market for clubs may weaken the alignment of incentives between consumer, producer and clubs to predict win-win-win outcomes. If policy makers neglect this fact, then policies intended to create win-win-win outcomes may instead result in lose-lose-lose outcomes where consumers cannot use producer club membership to differentiate between credence attributes, firms producing credence attributes are not rewarded with price premiums or additional market share and public policy outcomes are not achieved.
This textbook provides the reader with a foundation in policy development and analysis and describes how policy, including legal mechanisms, is applied to marine environments around the world. It offers a systematic treatment of all aspects of marine policy, including environmental protection, fisheries, transportation, energy, mining and climate change. It starts with a biophysical overview of the structure and function of the marine environment with a particular emphasis on the challenges and opportunities of managing the marine environment. An overview of the creation and function of international law is then provided with a focus on international marine law. It explores the geographic and jurisdictional dimensions of marine policy, as well the current and anticipated challenges facing marine systems, including climate change-related impacts and resource over-exploitation. The book should appeal to senior undergraduate and graduate students and form a core part of the curriculum for marine affairs, science and policy courses. It will also provide supplementary reading for students taking a course in the law of the oceans, but is not aimed at legal specialists.
Examines different types of sharks and the real-life challenges they face.
This document considers product certification and ecolabelling schemes used for fish and fishery products. It discusses the characteristics and theoretical foundations of these programmes, the links to international trade law; and other institutional aspects.
Seventeen Nordic and international labelling and certification schemes met at an international workshop on dialogue and cooperation at Lund's University in November 2011. With this meeting among schemes across fields such as the environment, organic, fair trade and sustainability, NCM Working Group on Sustainable Consumption and Production and Nordic Ecolabelling has taken a first step to create transparency and exchange of experience between label schemes with relevance for Sustainable Consumption and Production. Prior to the workshop in Lund the consulting firm Ecostory mapped information schemes on the Nordic markets and carried out a stakeholder survey. Ecostory found four megatrends that are important for schemes within SCP: convergence towards sustainability, information overload, regulation as driver, and national/regional labels on global markets. This report presents findings from the mapping of schemes, the stakeholder survey and the workshop on dialogue and cooperation. Ecostory describes 10 key challenges and recommends policy responses and gives tentative proposals to follow-up and support cooperation between the Swan and other information systems.
Taking a social science approach, this book explores the governance of sustainable seafood, which is fundamental to food and nutrition security as well as being an important source of income and employment in many regions. Due to the importance of protein and other fishery and aquaculture by-products, many wild fisheries are coming under pressure, and this increasing demand has created a strong driver to expand aquaculture. As a result, the social and environmental sustainability of these production systems have come into question. The authors of the book explore the governance of sustainable seafood, taking into account the rise of social movements through environmental non-governmental organisations, the nature and perceived limits of government regulation within and beyond the state, and the promise of market-based approaches to governance such as ecolabelling. The book focuses on how concern over sustainable seafood has been translated into different current forms of governance. It then assesses what alternative governance approaches are starting to emerge that combine movements, states and markets for sustainable seafood production and consumption, and their effects. The book concludes with a vision for the future through key principles for evaluating the collective impact of governing sustainable seafood. This timely volume will be key reading for researchers interested in fisheries and aquaculture governance, as well as coastal and marine policies and sustainable food movements more broadly. It will also be of interest to practitioners and policymakers engaged in creating fishery policies and sustainable fishery development.
This handbook is a one-stop, comprehensive guide to global initiatives for climate action. It examines policies to tackle climate change and the critical role various organizations play. The volume: Includes in-depth discussion of individual issues related to the environment Highlights global initiatives, negotiations, and international organizations responsible for climate action, protecting marine and freshwater environment, protecting atmosphere and climate, conserving biological diversity, chemicals and wastes management, environmental governance, safeguarding against warfare and disasters Debates on-ground implications of the international policies for the Global South Brings together case studies from across the world Presents a toolkit for environment practitioners to seek sustainable and practicable solutions to problems Includes suggested readings for researchers Brings together primary documents, supportive illustrations, graphs, and maps The handbook will be an essential reference for scholars and researchers of environmental studies, environmental policy and governance, sustainability and resilience. It will also be indispensable for policy makers, think tanks and NGOs.