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Essay from the year 2019 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,7, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, language: English, abstract: For language learners learning about grammar is inevitable. With that comes learning about the different tenses and the certain rules that one need for the proper use of the tenses because learners of a foreign language do not know which tense to use when by heart. That can be quite challenging, and in fact be very frustrating. As a soon-to-be teacher it is very important to be familiar with those rules. While dealing with the use of the different tenses I stumbled across the striking rise and fall of two of the past tenses in the German as well as the English language. This term paper carries out a literature-based study on the change of usage of the preterite and the past perfect in the English as well as in the German language. The differences between the two languages are being examined. Following the introduction is the theoretical part that provides background information on the relationship between the German and the English language and introduces the subject matter. The next section shows the development in the English and in the German language. After that, I set my findings into comparison, and draw a conclusion.
Essay from the year 2019 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,7, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, language: English, abstract: For language learners learning about grammar is inevitable. With that comes learning about the different tenses and the certain rules that one need for the proper use of the tenses because learners of a foreign language do not know which tense to use when by heart. That can be quite challenging, and in fact be very frustrating. As a soon-to-be teacher it is very important to be familiar with those rules. While dealing with the use of the different tenses I stumbled across the striking rise and fall of two of the past tenses in the German as well as the English language. This term paper carries out a literature-based study on the change of usage of the preterite and the past perfect in the English as well as in the German language. The differences between the two languages are being examined. Following the introduction is the theoretical part that provides background information on the relationship between the German and the English language and introduces the subject matter. The next section shows the development in the English and in the German language. After that, I set my findings into comparison, and draw a conclusion.
This book examines developments in the use of the present perfect and the preterite in Late Modern and contemporary English, with a focus on American and British English. Drawing on neo-Gricean pragmatics, it proposes a novel and principled analysis of the verb forms’ context-independent meanings and context-dependent inferences. State-of-the-art corpus linguistic methods are used to track their functional changes over two and a half centuries. The book presents new evidence of grammatical change and offers a compelling, contact-based account of regional variation. It brings together the insights of various fields, including formal semantics, historical linguistics, linguistic typology, and variationist sociolinguistics.
This volume and its companion one "Theoretical and empirical issues in grammaticalization" offer a selection of papers from the "Third International Conference New Reflections on Grammaticalization," held in Santiago de Compostela in July 2005. From the rich programme of the conference (over 120 papers), the twelve contributions included in this volume were carefully selected to reflect the state of current research in grammaticalization and suggest possible directions for future investigations in the field. Combining theoretical discussions with the analysis of particular test cases from a wide range of languages from various language families, the selected papers focus on such central questions as the need for a broader notion of grammaticalization, the distorting effects of grammaticalization on grammar, the areal perspective in grammaticalization and the relevance of contact-induced change to grammaticalization. Other topics discussed include the development of markers of textual connectivity and the emergence of cardinal numerals and numeral systems.
This book is the first book-length study on the Swedish present perfect. It provides an in-depth exploration of the present perfect in English, German and Swedish. It is claimed that only a discourse-based ExtendedNow-approach fully accounts for the present perfect. The main claim is that the length of the ExtendedNow-interval varies cross-linguistically. The book is couched within the framework of the Discourse Representation Theory and also within Distributed Morphology. It is shown that Swedish provides empirical evidence against all previous research in the field. The following questions are investigated: Is it possible to assign a single uniform meaning to the present perfect? How can we account for the different readings of the perfect? How can we account for the cross-linguistic variation? These issues are addressed from a comparative perspective by integrating previous research on the present perfect. This book is of interest to all those working in the field of tense and aspect.
This book provides the first extensive description of Texas Alsatian, a critically-endangered Texas German dialect, as spoken in Medina County in the 21st century. The dialect was brought to Texas in the 1840s by colonists recruited by French entrepreneur Henri Castro and has been preserved with minimal change for six generations. Texas Alsatian has maintained lexical, phonological, and morphosyntactic features which differentiate it from the prevalent standard-near varieties of Texas German. This study both describes its grammatical features and discusses extra-linguistic factors contributing to the dialect s preservation or accelerating its decline, e.g., social, historical, political, and economic factors, and speaker attitudes and ideologies linked to cultural identity. The work s multi-faceted approach makes its relevant to a broad range of scholars such as dialectologists, historical linguists, sociolinguists, ethnographers, and anthropologists interested in language variation and change, language and identity, immigrant dialects, and language maintenance and death."