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Indeed, the sound performance of the construction sector, strong investment in public works, restored consumer confidence and a recovery in the hydrocarbons industry enabled Colombia’s economy to regain dynamism and end 2013 with growth of 4.7%. Attracting a record $16.36bn in foreign direct investment in 2013, an 8.2% rise on the previous year, the Andean economy assured its spot among the region’s top investment targets. As in previous years, hydrocarbons attracted the lion’s share of FDI to the country, accounting for 81.6% of the total. While GDP grew by just 2.9% in the first quarter of 2014, the central bank forecasts growth of 4.3% for the year. With the possibility of a peace deal with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the next few years could see economic performance enhanced by improved agricultural and energy outputs, as well as increased FDI inflows.
Critical analysis of Plan Colombia, a multibillion dollar US counternarcotics initiative.
With oil accounting for roughly half of Colombia’s total exports, Latin America’s fourth-largest economy is feeling the effects of lower international oil prices. The negative impact of lower prices was nonetheless offset by positive performances by the retail, agriculture and financial services sectors, ensuring continued growth in 2015. Higher growth is expected in 2016 and beyond, driven in part by a raft of transport infrastructure investments, known as the fourth generation road concession programme. On the political front, the prospect of the signing of a peace accord between the government of Juan Manuel Santos Calderón and the leaders of the FARC promises to make 2016 a memorable year for Colombia. According to the National Planning Department, the peace settlement could bolster economic growth by up to 1.9 percentage points, lower security costs and signal the opening up of previously closed areas of the country to development.
Freedom in the World, the Freedom House flagship survey whose findings have been published annually since 1972, is the standard-setting comparative assessment of global political rights and civil liberties. The survey ratings and narrative reports on 195 countries and fourteen territories are used by policymakers, the media, international corporations, civic activists, and human rights defenders to monitor trends in democracy and track improvements and setbacks in freedom worldwide. The Freedom in the World political rights and civil liberties ratings are determined through a multi-layered process of research and evaluation by a team of regional analysts and eminent scholars. The analysts used a broad range of sources of information, including foreign and domestic news reports, academic studies, nongovernmental organizations, think tanks, individual professional contacts, and visits to the region, in conducting their research. The methodology of the survey is derived in large measure from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and these standards are applied to all countries and territories, irrespective of geographical location, ethnic or religious composition, or level of economic development.
This volume examines Colombia’s political economy at the outset of the twenty-first century. A group of leading experts explores various issues, such as drug trafficking, organized crime, economic performance, the internal armed conflict, and human rights. The experts highlight the various challenges that Colombia faces today. This volume is a major contribution to the field and provides a current panorama of the Colombia conflict.
This review assesses the performance of Colombian agriculture over the last two decades, evaluates Colombian agricultural policy reforms and provides recommendations to address key challenges in the future.
Despite its small size, Trinidad and Tobago ranks highly on a number of economic development indicators.According to estimates by the IMF, per capita income in T&T was $21,310 in 2014, the third-highest level in the Americas, after the US and Canada. Meanwhile, the World Bank categorises T&T as a high-income, non-OECD nation, while the World Economic Forum (WEF), in its reports on global competitiveness, sees T&T as an innovation-driven economy, like the US or the UK.
To support the current efforts of Colombia’s government, this report illustrates policy recommendations to help national authorities adopting a territorial approach to inclusive economic development.
Assessing the Harms of Crime provides a firm analytical foundation for making normative decisions about criminal and related policy, taking harm—and its reduction—as a conceptual starting point and supplying the means for systematic, empirical analysis in a harm assessment framework. By exploring harm's place in legal history, theory, criminology, and related fields and by considering the relevance of harm and its reduction for both criminal policy and the governance of security, the book demonstrates the centrality of harm, including its reduction, to crime, policy, and governance. It also highlights a substantial gap in methods available to the policy community to take on harm and the challenges of developing them. Working to fill that gap, the book presents the authors' "Harm Assessment Framework," consisting of tools and a process to identify, evaluate, and rank harms and to carefully distinguish between harms that result directly from activities and those that are remote or driven at least partially by policy. The book also presents applications to complex crimes, primarily involving coca and cocaine, that show the framework's value with new, actionable insight to harm and policy. On this basis, the book argues that criminology would benefit from expanding its mission to include harm and target harm reduction and from positioning harm assessment as a core task. Lastly, it posits that systematic, empirical harm-based policy analysis can contribute positively to decisions about criminal policy and the governance of security and to advancing justice.
Increased stability and security have renewed investment confidence in Colombia, which, with vast natural resources, a strengthened fiscal policy following reform in 2012, and a number of new free trade agreements, is well positioned to continue experiencing growth. The extractive industries, alongside the financial, infrastructure and retail sectors are particularly dynamic as the government pursues diversification strategies and the middle class expands.