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The question of why New Yorkers were such reluctant revolutionaries has long bedeviled historians. In an innovative study of New York City between 1763 and 1776, Joseph S. Tiedemann explains how conscientiously residents labored to build a consensus under difficult circumstances. New Yorkers acted the way they did not because they were mostly loyalist or because a few patrician conservatives were able to stem the tide of revolution but because the population of their city was so heterogeneous that consensus was not easily achieved.Differences within the city's pluralistic population slowed the process of hammering out a course of action acceptable to the large majority. The consensus that finally emerged had to be cautious rather than militant in order to unite as many people as possible behind the revolutionary banner. Ultimately, the time it took was far less significant, Tiedemann notes, than the fact that New York proceeded to declare independence, and went on to become a pivotal state in the new nation. In framing his argument, Tiedemann explains the limitations of interpretations offered by both progressive, New Left, and consensus historians. Citing the work of scholars as diverse as Walter Laqueur, Theda Skocpol, and Louis Kreisberg, Tiedemann pays close attention to the dynamics of British colonial rule and its impact on New York.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a uniquely reluctant and distinctly German Lutheran revolutionary. In this volume, the author, an Anglican priest and historian, argues that Bonhoeffer’s powerful critique of Germany’s moral derailment needs to be understood as the expression of a devout Lutheran Protestant. Bonhoeffer gradually recognized the ways in which the intellectual and religious traditions of his own class - the Bildungsbürgertum - were enabling Nazi evil. In response, he offered a religiously inspired call to political opposition and Christian witness—which cost him his life. The author investigates Bonhoeffer’s stance in terms of his confrontation with the legacy of Hegelianism and Neo-Rankeanism, and by highlighting Bonhoeffer’s intellectual and spiritual journey, shows how his endeavor to politicially reeducate the German people must be examined in theological terms.
Volume II of ORBITS: "The Reluctant Revolutionary" continues the saga of the young Estonian, Jarmo Matson, as he enrolls at the University of St. Petersburg in 1903. He joins a politically minded group, "The Circle of Friends", where Russian students mingle with Westerners (Canadian, English, American, German and French) to learn about freedom and democracy. Coming from a country conquered by Russia and administered for her by the Baltic German Knighthood, Jarmo has a built-in prejudice against Germans and Russians. Yakov Kupinski, a fellow student and a revolutionary leader, tries to recruit him to Russia's revolution, but Jarmo resists. His goal is to regain power from the local Germans, along with an even bolder goal of breaking free of Russia. Jarmo becomes friends with Dmitri Rogov, son of a wealthy industrialist. He falls for and becomes obsessed with Dmitri's sister Kira, a ravishing beauty who only toys with him. The Rogovs introduce Jarmo to the glittering life of St. Petersburg, while Yakov Kupinski shows Jarmo the seamier side of Russia. Unwittingly, Jarmo becomes involved with Kupinski's revolutionary schemes and narrowly escapes being part of a plot to assassinate the Military Governor of Moscow, an uncle of Nicholas II. At a ball, Jarmo meets a poet, Kirill Bergamov, and a young actress, Lyudmila Pudnitseva. Jarmo and Lyudmila "hit it off" and their friendship becomes a most pleasurable affair. She reveals that she's a revolutionary with Kupinski and warns Jarmo that the poet Bergmanov is an Okhrana Secret Police agent who suspects Jarmo of revolutionary activities. The poet is also a rejected suitor of Kira, making him a doubly dangerous enemy. A surprise attack by Japan finds Russia ill-prepared for war and forced to sue for peace. The oppressed nation explodes into the Revolution of 1905 and anarchy engulfs Russia. During that maelstrom of madness Jarmo is faced with personal disasters, and must chart his course carefully to avoid both the extreme right and Marxist dreams of world rule. He is caught up in the horror of events, and eventually becomes "The Reluctant Revolutionary". When armed Cossacks attack the student body at a demonstration, Jarmo is severely wounded while saving Dmitri's life. He recovers at the Rogov's home, where Kira again brings her fatal charms into play. Bergmanov plots Jarmo's sentencing to Siberia; Lyudmila Pudnitseva and Dmitri's younger sister Irina plot a prison break for Jarmo...
Authorised biography of Welsh nationalist and activist John Barnard Jenkins, one of the most iconic figures in recent Welsh history. The leader of Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru (MAC), he masterminded their 1960s bombing campaign protesting British state oppression and exploitation of Wales' natural resources.
"The Reluctant Revolutionary: The Untold Story of George Washington" offers a fresh perspective on the iconic figure of George Washington, delving into his inner struggles and personal journey during the tumultuous years of the American Revolution. Through meticulous research and compelling narrative, this book sheds light on Washington's doubts, fears, and pivotal decisions that shaped the course of American history. From his early life to his pivotal role as a leader of the Continental Army and the first President of the United States, this captivating biography presents a nuanced portrayal of a man who reluctantly became a revolutionary hero. With vivid storytelling and rich historical detail, this book immerses readers in the untold complexities of Washington's character and the profound impact of his legacy on the birth of a nation.
In the Age of Revolution, how did American women conceive their lives and marital obligations? By examining the attitudes and behaviors surrounding the contentious issues of family, contraception, abortion, sexuality, beauty, and identity, Susan E. Klepp demonstrates that many women--rural and urban, free and enslaved--began to radically redefine motherhood. They asserted, or attempted to assert, control over their bodies, their marriages, and their daughters' opportunities. Late-eighteenth-century American women were among the first in the world to disavow the continual childbearing and large families that had long been considered ideal. Liberty, equality, and heartfelt religion led to new conceptions of virtuous, rational womanhood and responsible parenthood. These changes can be seen in falling birthrates, in advice to friends and kin, in portraits, and in a gradual, even reluctant, shift in men's opinions. Revolutionary-era women redefined femininity, fertility, family, and their futures by limiting births. Women might not have won the vote in the new Republic, they might not have gained formal rights in other spheres, but, Klepp argues, there was a women's revolution nonetheless.
This study examines the development of Darwin's theory of natural selection. The author analyzes how the theory was rejected by the scientific community and argues that his radical thought anticipated Nietzsche's Godless philosophy, Marx's class-based economics, and Freud's psychological theories of the unconscious.
Although Abraham Lincoln deeply opposed the institution of slavery, he saw the Civil War at its onset as being Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln had only three meetings, but their exchanges profoundly influenced the course of slavery and the outcome of the Civil War.primarily about preserving the Union. Frederick Douglass, himself a former slave, by contrast saw the War's mission to be the total and permanent abolition of slavery. And yet, these giants of the nineteenth century, despite their different outlooks, found common ground, in large part through their three historic meetings. In elegant prose and with unusual insights, Paul and Stephen Kendrick chronicle the parallel lives of Douglass and Lincoln as a means of presenting a fresh, unique picture of two men who, in their differences, eventually challenged each other to greatness and altered the course of the nation.
Sharp's Dictionary of Power and Struggle is a groundbreaking book by the "godfather of nonviolent resistance." In nearly 1,000 entries, the Dictionary defines those ideologies, political systems, strategies, methods, and concepts that form the core of nonviolent action as it has occurred throughout history and across the globe, providing much-needed clarification of language that is often mired in confusion.