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This book sheds new light on the potential application of EU law to situations arising outside EU territory, and its consequences. In today’s globalized world, EU law and the ECJ’s decisions have been calling for exceptions and defining new connecting elements that make the traditional approach of EU law, based on the territoriality principle, less straightforward. This is the case with e.g. the effects doctrine in the context of EU competition law, as was fully recognized after the ECJ’s Intel case. Moreover, recently approved rules concerning the EU’s internal market, EU environmental law and EU data protection law have made it more difficult to define the application of EU law in terms of a pure link to the territoriality principle. The book examines these and other problems from the perspectives of various branches of EU economic law. With regard to EU competition law it presents, among others, studies on the evolution of the effects doctrine in the US and the EU; extraterritoriality of competition law; global cartels; merger control; state aid and cooperation between NCAs. Furthermore, it includes several studies concerning extraterritorial issues in trade relations between the EU and China; EU screening regulation of foreign direct investments; EU trade agreements; EU investment law and EU financial services. The twenty-one contributing authors are internationally respected experts on EU law.
The European Union is one of the most outward-oriented economies in the world, and free trade is one of its founding principles. As such, instruments intended to ensure that international trade is conducted on a level playing field have been part of the EU’s policy toolbox since the beginning of European integration. Adapting to the current changes in international trade, these instruments have since undergone major reforms. This work provides an overview of the EU’s legal framework on the use of its trade defence instruments, in particular measures under the Trade Barriers Regulation, the Basic Anti-Dumping Regulation and the Basic-Anti Subsidy Regulation. The book shares valuable insights into how EU institutions currently apply these instruments and places their application in the broader political context in which international trade takes place, which has been shaped e.g. by developments related to the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the EU and the ongoing blockade of the WTO Appellate Body.
The book shows that the Regulation pursues its objective of ensuring greater equality of competitive conditions on the EU ́s Internal Market only by accepting new bureaucracy, establishing the need for complex and extensive assessments and raising considerable legal uncertainties as a result of undefined legal terms and comprehensive Commission discretion. The EU legislators, the Council and the European Parliament, in June 2022 adopted a new regulation that entered into force 12 January 2023: Regulation 2022/2560 on foreign subsidies distorting the internal market. This book analyses the regulation in more detail. To this end, after the brief introduction, its rationale and core contents are first presented. Then, its scope of application is to be explored in more detail, as the Regulation was criticised early on with regard to its compatibility with international law, which has an intense bearing on the substantive and personal scope of application of the Regulation. Subsequently the central regulatory concepts of the Regulation will be presented and then the specific rules for concentrations and public procurement procedures analysed. The conclusion will summarise the findings. In view of the likely backlash from powerful third countries, there is a risk of new distortions to the detriment of EU companies ́ activities in third country markets.
This new Sixth Edition of a major work by the well-known competition law team at Van Bael & Bellis in Brussels brings the book up to date to take account of the many developments in the case law and relevant legislation that have occurred since the Fifth Edition in 2010. The authors have also taken the opportunity to write a much-extended chapter on private enforcement and a dedicated section on competition law in the pharmaceutical sector. As one would expect, the new edition continues to meet the challenge for businesses and their counsel, providing a thoroughly practical guide to the application of the EU competition rules. The critical commentary cuts through the theoretical underpinnings of EU competition law to expose its actual impact on business. In this comprehensive new edition, the authors examine such notable developments as the following: important rulings concerning the concept of a restriction by object under Article 101; the extensive case law in the field of cartels, including in relation to cartel facilitation and price signalling; important Article 102 rulings concerning pricing and exclusivity, including the Post Danmark and Intel judgments, as well as standard essential patents; the current block exemption and guidelines applicable to vertical agreements, including those applicable to the motor vehicle sector; developments concerning online distribution, including the Pierre Fabre and Coty rulings; the current guidelines and block exemptions in the field of horizontal cooperation, including the treatment of information exchange; the evolution of EU merger control, including court defeats suffered by the Commission and the case law on procedural infringements; the burgeoning case law related to pharmaceuticals, including concerning reverse payment settlements; the current technology transfer guidelines and block exemption; procedural developments, including in relation to the right to privacy, access to file, parental liability, fining methodology, inability to pay and hybrid settlements; the implementation of the Damages Directive and the first interpretative rulings. As a comprehensive, up-to-date and above all practical analysis of the EU competition rules as developed by the Commission and EU Courts, this authoritative new edition of a classic work stands alone. Like its predecessors, it will be of immeasurable value to both business persons and their legal advisers.
The Asian Yearbook of International Economic Law (AYIEL) 2022 addresses the rapidly evolving field of international economic law with a special focus on Asia and the Pacific. This region has long been and remains a major engine of the world economy; at the same time, it is characterized by a host of economies with varying developmental levels, economic policies and legal jurisdictions. The AYIEL 2022 especially focuses on trade law, investment law, competition law, dispute settlement, economic regulation and cooperation, and regional economic integration, as well as other legal developments in Asian countries.
The fourth edition of Conor Quigley's highly acclaimed book provides lawyers, regulators and public officials with a definitive statement of the law and practice of State Aid. The book places State Aid law and policy in its economic, commercial and industrial context, exploring the concept of State Aid and its function as a tool of EU law. All of this is achieved by a thorough examination of the jurisprudence of the European Courts and the decisions, legislation and guidelines of the Commission in declaring aid compatible or incompatible with the internal market. The fourth edition includes new chapters on: - COVID-19 and Ukraine emergency measures - Brexit - EU foreign subsidy regulation - UK Subsidies Control and updated guidelines and block exemption regulations on: - Regional aid - R&D&I - Environmental protection and climate change
The breadth and depth of the scholarship of Marise Cremona is honoured in this collection of essays written by her colleagues and friends. Taking Cremona's field-defining research as a point of reference, this collection of research articles examines the power of law in EU external relations. Echoing the expansive scope of Cremona's intellectual enquiries across the growing and diversifying field of external relations law, this volume offers new insights into the principles and procedures that underlie this area of law; the role and responsibilities of the EU as an international actor; and the strategies and instruments through which the Union pursues its external agenda. Spanning the analysis of foundational concepts and more contemporary interventions in respect of the environment, human rights, foreign direct investment and even Brexit, what emerges from this collection is a richly conceptualised and clear examination of the multiple ways in which the power of law captures or eludes the EU's construction of a domain of external relations; a domain in which the EU interacts not only with its Member States but also other subjects of the international legal order.
This timely book scrutinises the mechanisms for guaranteeing respect for the rule of law in the European legal system. Focusing on external relations, it assesses the capacity of the EU to disseminate these values as a global actor and offers novel suggestions for how this capacity could be exercised more effectively.