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The aim of the paper is twofold. On one hand the authors want to present a new technique called $p$-caloric approximation, which is a proper generalization of the classical compactness methods first developed by DeGiorgi with his Harmonic Approximation Lemma. This last result, initially introduced in the setting of Geometric Measure Theory to prove the regularity of minimal surfaces, is nowadays a classical tool to prove linearization and regularity results for vectorial problems. Here the authors develop a very far reaching version of this general principle devised to linearize general degenerate parabolic systems. The use of this result in turn allows the authors to achieve the subsequent and main aim of the paper, that is, the implementation of a partial regularity theory for parabolic systems with degenerate diffusion of the type $\partial_t u - \mathrm{div} a(Du)=0$, without necessarily assuming a quasi-diagonal structure, i.e. a structure prescribing that the gradient non-linearities depend only on the the explicit scalar quantity.
This book discusses advances in maximal function methods related to Poincaré and Sobolev inequalities, pointwise estimates and approximation for Sobolev functions, Hardy's inequalities, and partial differential equations. Capacities are needed for fine properties of Sobolev functions and characterization of Sobolev spaces with zero boundary values. The authors consider several uniform quantitative conditions that are self-improving, such as Hardy's inequalities, capacity density conditions, and reverse Hölder inequalities. They also study Muckenhoupt weight properties of distance functions and combine these with weighted norm inequalities; notions of dimension are then used to characterize density conditions and to give sufficient and necessary conditions for Hardy's inequalities. At the end of the book, the theory of weak solutions to the p p-Laplace equation and the use of maximal function techniques is this context are discussed. The book is directed to researchers and graduate students interested in applications of geometric and harmonic analysis in Sobolev spaces and partial differential equations.
The author develops a theory of Nobeling manifolds similar to the theory of Hilbert space manifolds. He shows that it reflects the theory of Menger manifolds developed by M. Bestvina and is its counterpart in the realm of complete spaces. In particular the author proves the Nobeling manifold characterization conjecture.
The authors give a combinatorial expansion of a Schubert homology class in the affine Grassmannian $\mathrm{Gr}_{\mathrm{SL}_k}$ into Schubert homology classes in $\mathrm{Gr}_{\mathrm{SL}_{k+1}}$. This is achieved by studying the combinatorics of a new class of partitions called $k$-shapes, which interpolates between $k$-cores and $k+1$-cores. The authors define a symmetric function for each $k$-shape, and show that they expand positively in terms of dual $k$-Schur functions. They obtain an explicit combinatorial description of the expansion of an ungraded $k$-Schur function into $k+1$-Schur functions. As a corollary, they give a formula for the Schur expansion of an ungraded $k$-Schur function.
In this monograph the author investigates divergence-form elliptic partial differential equations in two-dimensional Lipschitz domains whose coefficient matrices have small (but possibly nonzero) imaginary parts and depend only on one of the two coordinates. He shows that for such operators, the Dirichlet problem with boundary data in $L^q$ can be solved for $q1$ small enough, and provide an endpoint result at $p=1$.
Let $G=G(K)$ be a simple algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field $K$ of characteristic $p\geq 0$. A subgroup $X$ of $G$ is said to be $G$-completely reducible if, whenever it is contained in a parabolic subgroup of $G$, it is contained in a Levi subgroup of that parabolic. A subgroup $X$ of $G$ is said to be $G$-irreducible if $X$ is in no proper parabolic subgroup of $G$; and $G$-reducible if it is in some proper parabolic of $G$. In this paper, the author considers the case that $G=F_4(K)$. The author finds all conjugacy classes of closed, connected, semisimple $G$-reducible subgroups $X$ of $G$. Thus he also finds all non-$G$-completely reducible closed, connected, semisimple subgroups of $G$. When $X$ is closed, connected and simple of rank at least two, he finds all conjugacy classes of $G$-irreducible subgroups $X$ of $G$. Together with the work of Amende classifying irreducible subgroups of type $A_1$ this gives a complete classification of the simple subgroups of $G$. The author also uses this classification to find all subgroups of $G=F_4$ which are generated by short root elements of $G$, by utilising and extending the results of Liebeck and Seitz.
Celebrating the work of renowned mathematician Jerome A. Goldstein, this reference compiles original research on the theory and application of evolution equations to stochastics, physics, engineering, biology, and finance. The text explores a wide range of topics in linear and nonlinear semigroup theory, operator theory, functional analysis, and linear and nonlinear partial differential equations, and studies the latest theoretical developments and uses of evolution equations in a variety of disciplines. Providing nearly 500 references, the book contains discussions by renowned mathematicians such as H. Brezis, G. Da Prato, N.E. Gretskij, I. Lasiecka, Peter Lax, M. M. Rao, and R. Triggiani.
For M a closed manifold or the Euclidean space Rn we present a detailed proof of regularity properties of the composition of Hs-regular diffeomorphisms of M for s > 12dim⁡M+1.
Nonlinear diffusion equations, an important class of parabolic equations, come from a variety of diffusion phenomena which appear widely in nature. They are suggested as mathematical models of physical problems in many fields, such as filtration, phase transition, biochemistry and dynamics of biological groups. In many cases, the equations possess degeneracy or singularity. The appearance of degeneracy or singularity makes the study more involved and challenging. Many new ideas and methods have been developed to overcome the special difficulties caused by the degeneracy and singularity, which enrich the theory of partial differential equations.This book provides a comprehensive presentation of the basic problems, main results and typical methods for nonlinear diffusion equations with degeneracy. Some results for equations with singularity are touched upon.
This volume is the first to be devoted to the study of various properties of wide classes of degenerate elliptic operators of arbitrary order and pseudo-differential operators with multiple characteristics. Conditions for operators to be Fredholm in appropriate weighted Sobolev spaces are given, a priori estimates of solutions are derived, inequalities of the Grding type are proved, and the principal term of the spectral asymptotics for self-adjoint operators is computed. A generalization of the classical Weyl formula is proposed. Some results are new, even for operators of the second order. In addition, an analogue of the Boutet de Monvel calculus is developed and the index is computed. For postgraduate and research mathematicians, physicists and engineers whose work involves the solution of partial differential equations.