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This book presents results of a cross-national research project on self-employment in eleven advanced economies and demonstrates how and why the practice is reemerging in modern societies. While traditional forms of self-employment, such as skilled crafts work and shop keeping, are in decline, they are being replaced by self-employment in both professional and unskilled occupations. Differences in self-employment across societies depend on the extent to which labor markets are regulated and the degree to which intergenerational family relationships are a primary factor structuring social organization. For each of the eleven countries analyzed, the book highlights the extent to which social background, educational attainment, work history, family status, and gender affect the likelihood that an individual will enter--and continue--a particular type of self-employment. While involvement with self-employment is becoming more common, it is occurring for individuals in activities that are more diverse, unstable and transitory than in years past.
Taken together, the thirteen chapters of thisbook shed light on the factors leading individuals into self-employment.The volume examines the impact of economic change on the character,composition, and stability of self-employment.A theoretical framework fora cross-national study of self-employment dynamics is presented, as is a reviewof the changing employment structures and the opportunities and constraintsassociated with self-employment. (SAA) Table of Contents Trends in Self-Employment in Germany: Different Types, DifferentDevelopments? Henning Lohmann and Silvia Luber Entries and Exits from Self-Employment in France over the Last Twenty Years,Thomas Amossé and Dominique Goux Dutch Self-Employment between 1980 and 1997, Boris F. Blumberg and PaulM. de Graaf Self-Employment in the United Kingdom during the 1980s and 1990s, NigelMeager and Peter Bates Entrepreneurs and Laborers: Two Sides of Self-Employment Activity in theUnited States, Richard Arum Self-Employment in Australia, 1980-1999, M.D.R. Evans and JoannaSikora Winners or Losers? Entry and Exit into Self-Employment in Hungary: 1980s and1990s, Péter Róbert and Erzsébet Bukodi Three Forms of Emergent Self-Employment in Post-Soviet Russia: Entry andExit Patterns by Gender, Theodore P. Gerber Self-Employment in Italy: Scaling the Class Barriers, Paolo Barbieri andIvano Bison Entry into and Exit from Self-Employment in Japan, Hiroshi Ishida On One's Own: Self-Employment Activity in Taiwan, Wei-hsin Yu andKuo-Hsien Su The Reemergence of Self-Employment: Comparative Findings and EmpiricalPropositions, Richard Arum and Walter Müller.
The findings of a series of cross-national studies of self-employment are synthesized.Using a theoretical framework that assumes individuals become and stay self-employed when the relative advantages are higher than in dependent employment, the cross-national similarities and differences among the findings are discussed, and several empirical propositions are advanced in order to summarize those findings. According to the first proposition, self-employment has developed into a more heterogeneous employment category and is marked by increases in professional-managerial and unskilled occupations.Another proposition suggests that education, particularly post-secondary and vocational, facilitates movement into desirable forms of self-employment, while still another suggests that entry into self-employment is generally a midcareer move.Among the other propositions is the suggestion that women differ from men in their relative resources, opportunities, and constraints and therefore have different patterns and determinants of self-employment. Finally, unemployed individuals have higher incentives to move into self-employment than dependent employees with similar characteristics.The theoretical and policy implications of these generalizations are also discussed. (SAA).
The book presents an analysis of the transition from unemployment to self-employment and its subsidisation with the so-called "bridging allowance" in Germany. On the basis of econometric models, the determinants and the success of self-employment among former unemployed are estimated at the individual as well as at the firm level. By comparing different groups of the formerly unemployed, it becomes evident that self-employment is one successful route out of unemployment, as self-employment proves to be more stable than paid-employment. Therefore, the bridging allowance reaches its aim of regaining stable employment for the unemployed. However, this programme fails to create additional employment in the newly founded firms.
Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this Research Handbook examines the shifting global landscape of self-employment. It provides an authoritative overview of key theoretical perspectives and empirical findings in the field, and presents evidence-based policy responses to the multifaceted nature of modern self-employment.
This is a scholarly study of trends in self-employment, mainly in the United States, since World War II. Aronson finds that self-employment fell till the mid-1970s but is now rising and currently accounts for about 9 percent of the labor force, and for 20 percent when combined with sole proprietors. Women account for about 28 percent of the self-employed, up from 14 percent in 1965. He examines these trends from a labor market perspective. ISBN 0-87546-175-1: $26.00.
Chartered accountant John Whiteley provides advice on self-employment, from taking the plunge, getting finance, and dealing with problems through to book keeping, administration, insurance and retirement. This reference has been revised and updated with the latest information.
How to make self-employment work for you right now.