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In The Challenge of Joseph H. Jackson, Jared Alcántara offers a definitive biography of one of the most controversial, complex--and, eventually, forgotten--luminaries of the twentieth century. Alcántara chronicles Jackson's rise to power as pastor of the largest Black church in the United States, the 15,000-member Olivet Baptist in Chicago, and as the longest-tenured president of the six-million-member National Baptist Convention, at one time the nation's largest Black organization. Sociologist E. Franklin Frazier contended that holding an office like this was akin to being the president of a "nation within a nation," the president of Black America. Nicknamed the "Negro Pope" along with "Silver Tongue," Jackson was known foremost for his oratorical talents. But his significance to twentieth-century Black Christianity and U.S. history more broadly has not yet been fully understood. Alcántara here provides a compelling examination of Jackson's humble beginnings, rise to power, and gradual fall from grace. The Challenge of Joseph H. Jackson examines Jackson's political alliances, describes his controversial views on race, catalogues his global ecumenical work, explains his fallout with the family of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and connects his eloquence to the maintenance of power in a tradition that prizes sacred oratory. Drawing on extensive archival material from the Chicago History Museum, Alcántara deftly chronicles the life and legacy of one of the most complex figures in African American history.
“The Negroes must have Jesus, Jobs, and Justice,” declared Nannie Helen Burroughs, a nationally known figure among black and white leaders and an architect of the Woman’s Convention of the National Baptist Convention. Burroughs made this statement about the black women’s agenda in 1958, as she anticipated the collapse of Jim Crow segregation and pondered the fate of African Americans. Following more than half a century of organizing and struggling against racism in American society, sexism in the National Baptist Convention, and the racism and paternalism of white women and the Southern Baptist Convention, Burroughs knew that black Americans would need more than religion to survive and to advance socially, economically, and politically. Jesus, jobs, and justice are the threads that weave through two hundred years of black women’s experiences in America. Bettye Collier-Thomas’s groundbreaking book gives us a remarkable account of the religious faith, social and political activism, and extraordinary resilience of black women during the centuries of American growth and change. It shows the beginnings of organized religion in slave communities and how the Bible was a source of inspiration; the enslaved saw in their condition a parallel to the suffering and persecution that Jesus had endured. The author makes clear that while religion has been a guiding force in the lives of most African Americans, for black women it has been essential. As co-creators of churches, women were a central factor in their development. Jesus, Jobs, and Justice explores the ways in which women had to cope with sexism in black churches, as well as racism in mostly white denominations, in their efforts to create missionary societies and form women’s conventions. It also reveals the hidden story of how issues of sex and sexuality have sometimes created tension and divisions within institutions. Black church women created national organizations such as the National Association of Colored Women, the National League of Colored Republican Women, and the National Council of Negro Women. They worked in the interracial movement, in white-led Christian groups such as the YWCA and Church Women United, and in male-dominated organizations such as the NAACP and National Urban League to demand civil rights, equal employment, and educational opportunities, and to protest lynching, segregation, and discrimination. And black women missionaries sacrificed their lives in service to their African sisters whose destiny they believed was tied to theirs. Jesus, Jobs, and Justice restores black women to their rightful place in American and black history and demonstrates their faith in themselves, their race, and their God.