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There is now a certain tradition of Anglo-German comparative research on new technology-based firms (NTBFs). Two of the most influential studies in this area have both been sponsored by the Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of In dustrial Society (AGF). Starting in 1977, the first AGF project on NTBFs, which was carried out by the consultancy firm Arthur D. Little, has been one ofthe most important early contributions in this field (Little 1977). This report was the first public document to use the term 'new technology-based firm' and to provide a definition, which despite its operational limitations subsequently became an es tablished term in the literature. More importantly, this study represented one ofthe first serious attempts to survey the existing stock of this type of firm. The report was critical of the contemporary situation in Europe. (This is a policy area which continues to be hotly debated, see European Commission 1995, Bank of England 1996 and HM Treasury 1998. ) It emphasised that, in comparison with the USA, Germany and the UK were each lagging behind if judged by the rate of formation of NTBFs and in their total contribution to the overall economic activity of both countries. In terms of a policy contribution, this study was instrumental in high lighting the lack ofsupport infrastructures for the genesis and growth of high-tech start-ups in two of Europe's leading economies.
This second edition of a classic reference work, written by some of the most eminent academics in the field, contains over 30 per cent more entries on entrepreneurship. Comprehensive in scope, it includes topics from business angels, to export services to family business and uncertainty and venture capital. There are also entries on individuals including George Eastman, Howard Hughes, Joseph Schumpeter and Walt Disney. Providing its readers with a unique point of reference, as well as stimulus for further research, this Encyclopedia is an indispensable tool for anyone interested in entrepreneurship, particularly students, scholars and researchers.
This Handbook provides a unique collection of research addressing issues of corporate governance in entrepreneurial contexts, including start-ups, owner-managed firms, fast-growing firms, and IPOs, as well as how corporate governance and board leadership is associated with entrepreneurship and innovation in both small and large established companies. The chapters span a wide range of topics, methodologies, and levels of analysis, all designed to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of when and how corporate governance matters in different entrepreneurial contexts.
Globalization has jarred the traditional role and competitiveness of small- and medium-sized enterprises. This masterful volume comprises leading scholars, policy makers and business leaders who have new insights and strategies for SMEs creating opportunities rather than being victims of globalization. The result is a breakthrough in our understanding of entrepreneurship in the global context. David B. Audretsch, Indiana University, Bloomington, US and WHU, Germany Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often have difficulty competing in the global economy unless they collaborate with domestic or foreign partners or with public sector organizations. This book addresses the resource leverage and innovation challenges that increased global trade represents for SMEs. In doing so, it explores how SMEs can become more competitive at home and in foreign markets as stand-alone firms or as members of supplier and customer networks. SMEs are turning increasingly to innovation as a source of competitive advantage in order to protect their home markets and participate in expanding foreign markets. The contributors to this volume leading experts in entrepreneurship, innovation, and international business provide in-depth coverage of the most compelling issues facing SMEs. These include: innovation as a competitive strategy, network dynamics, ways to leverage technology, internationalization, and the role of the public sector in helping SMEs to overcome resource deficiencies. This comprehensive look at SMEs in the global marketplace will be of great interest to academics who study entrepreneurship, innovation, or international business, officials from public sector agencies with responsibility for helping SMEs to internationalize and become more innovative, and senior executives of SMEs or executives of larger companies who are considering collaboration with SMEs.
The authors of this text investigate the relations between London and Frankfurt with the coming of a single European currency.
The present study analyses the international activities of British start-up companies in high-technology industries. The research makes the following contributions. First, it is the first study that establishes the prevalence of internationally operating start-up companies in a particular country. Accordingly, we find that the majority of British high-tech start-ups have engaged in international activities within a few years since formation. Second, it consolidates the existing knowledge in the fields of international entrepreneurship and subjects it to empirical testing. Third, it assesses the power of different theories in international business to explain the cross-border activities of start-up companies. Overall, the research lends support to a resource-based perspective of international entrepreneurship since the proxies for transaction cost-based arguments and the internationalisation process theory are of limited explanatory power.
Discover how European firms operate in the global marketplace Contemporary Euromarketing examines the strategies of small and medium-sized firms that sell their products and services in international markets, with a special focus on international new ventures (INV) and born globals (BG). Academics and researchers working in Finland, Spain, Denmark, Italy, France, Portugal, and the Czech Republic analyze both outward and inward types of operations, foreign sourcing, and foreign partner selection. The book also addresses international counterfeiting and the impact of culture on advertising related issues. Contemporary Euromarketing includes results of surveys and interviews with more than 1,000 European companies and case studies of software firms, export circles, and print media to present analytical insights on the internal and external aspect of marketing in the European Union. This unique book examines the vital issues facing European markets and marketing systems in dealing with global economics, including inter- and intra-trade activities, export behavior, marketing strategies and practices, marketing implications of strategic alliances, public sector marketing, comparative marketing systems, buyer-seller interactions, and business customs and practices among European countries. Topics examined in Contemporary Euromarketing include: a conceptual growth model with typical starting points, pathways, and outcomes of international growth whether partner commitment to export cooperation leads to a higher degree of success differences in international development of INVs and how/why differences are manifested the relationship between export intensity and different types of performance by structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis description of the stages of the internationalization process and its link to performance international sourcing as an entrepreneurial act the relationship between partner selection and international joint venture (IJV) performance differences and similarities between magazine advertisements in France and the Czech Republic the effects of provocative advertising imagery on consumers’ attitudes toward product factors that attract international counterfeiting to the European Union and much more! Contemporary Euromarketing is an essential resource for practitioners, academics, and policymakers involved in the European Union’s growing role in the global marketplace.