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The question of the relationship between the Gospel of Mark and letters of Paul has been ever-present in New Testament scholarship but has never been fully explored. This monograph seeks to probe further into this question through an examination of the literary relationship between sections of Mark and 1 Corinthians. Nelligan explores the context of these texts in Greco-Roman and Jewish literature, adopting the view that New Testament authors use imitation, with a sophisticated use of literary sources, as a major technique in their composition. He proposes a new set of criteria for judging literary dependence that builds upon and advances those already promoted by biblical scholars. Sections of Mark and 1 Corinthians are then compared and analyzed including the Eucharist accounts given in both texts. By analyzing and comparing sections of Mark and 1 Corinthians, most notably the account of the Eucharist in both texts, Nelligan argues Mark used 1 Corinthians as a literary source and that this was done using well-established literary techniques used in the wider Greco-Roman and Jewish literary world.
This book presents a controversial thesis concerning the composition of the Gospel According to John. Most New Testament scholars believe that John was independent of the other three (Synoptic) Gospels, although some hold that he may have been familiar with Mark. This has led many to attempt to reconstruct the history of the community within which and for which John must have written. Brodie argues, however, that until the source question is settled, the historical question remains fruitless. What has been missing from Johannine scholarship, he says, is an accurate sense of the way in which writers of the ancient world set about composing their works. Given this literary context, it can be argued that John knew and used not only all of the Synoptic Gospels, but Acts, Ephesians, and the Pentateuch as well. Finally Brodie concludes that 'John' was the individual John and not the mouthpiece of a putative 'Johannine Community'. The Gospel should thus be read as a unified work, and not as the product of an aggregation of different sources or different dates of redaction.
This 1999 book was the first to use all the Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls to reconstruct original Aramaic sources from parts of Mark's Gospel. The scrolls enabled the author to revolutionize the methodology of such work, and to reconstruct whole passages which he interpreted in their original cultural context. The passages from which sources are reconstructed are Mark 9.11-13; 2.23-3.6; 10.35-45; and 14.12-26. A detailed discussion of each passage is offered, demonstrating that these sources are completely accurate accounts from the ministry of Jesus, from early sabbath disputes to his final Passover. An account of the translation process is given, showing how problems in Mark's text arose from the difficulty of translating some Aramaic expressions into Greek, including the notoriously difficult 'son of man'. A very early date for these sources is proposed, implying a date of c. 40 CE for Mark's Gospel.
This erudite and critically up-to-date book will be of interest to those concerned with the early traditions of Jesus and the origins of the narratives about his life.
Young and Strickland analyze the four largest discourses of Jesus in Mark in the context of Greco-Roman rhetoric in an attempt to hear them as a first-century audience would have heard them. The authors demonstrate that, contrary to what some historical critics have suggested, first-century audiences of Mark would have found the discourses of Jesus unified, well-integrated, and persuasive. They also show how these speeches of the Markan Jesus contribute to Mark‘s overall narrative accomplishments.
Paul: The Man and the Mythopens a window into the humanity of the most influential apostle of the early Christian church and, in doing so, offers a fresh view of this important historical figure. In examining the apostle and his theology, Calvin J. Roetzel vividly depicts Paul's world--the land where he grew up, the language he spoke, the Scriptures he studied, and the lessons he learned in letter-writing and rhetoric. Roetzel presents an evangelist anxious about the welfare of his churches, a theologian facing fierce opposition, a missionary at the mercy of the elements, and a man suffering physical assault, slander, and imprisonment. In contrast to the powerful hero described in Acts and the Apocryphal Acts, Roetzel's portrayal presents a physically weak, even sickly theologian, a letter-writer, and a preacher unskilled in speech. Questioning the historicity of widely held beliefs about the apostle--including his Roman citizenship--Roetzel suggests that Paul never abandoned ties to his native Judaism or to the Hellenistic culture of his childhood. Roetzel underscores that no matter how Paul's image has changed through history, he remains forever tied to support for the weak and vulnerable, faith in one God, and the transgressing of social boundaries.
Papers presented at the 49th Colloquium Biblicum Lovaniense held at the Faculty of Theology of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 25-27 july, 2000.
In this “compulsively readable exploration of the tangled world of Christian origins” (Publishers Weekly), religious historian James Tabor illuminates the earliest years of Jesus’ teachings before Paul shaped them into the religion we know today. This fascinating examination of the earliest years of Christianity reveals how the man we call St. Paul shaped Christianity as we know it today. Historians know almost nothing about the two decades following the crucifixion of Jesus, when his followers regrouped and began to spread his message. During this time Paul joined the movement and began to preach to the gentiles. Using the oldest Christian documents that we have—the letters of Paul—as well as other early Chris­tian sources, historian and scholar James Tabor reconstructs the origins of Christianity. Tabor shows how Paul separated himself from Peter and James to introduce his own version of Christianity, which would continue to develop independently of the message that Jesus, James, and Peter preached. Paul and Jesus illuminates the fascinating period of history when Christianity was born out of Judaism.