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A fundamental, profound review of the key issues relating to the early universe and the physical processes that occurred in it. The interplay between cosmic microwave background radiation, large scale structure, and the dark matter problem are stressed, with a central focus on the crucial issue of the phase transitions in the early universe and their observable consequences: baryon symmetry, baryogenesis and cosmological fluctuations. There is an interplay between cosmology, statistical physics and particle physics in studying these problems, both at the theoretical and the experimental / observational levels. Special contributions are devoted to primordial and astrophysical black holes and to high energy cosmic rays and neutrino astrophysics. There is also a special section devoted to the International Space Station and its scientific utilization.
This volume of important papers by one the world's leading astrophysicists provides a sweeping survey of the incisive and exciting applications of nuclear and particle physics to a wide range of problems in astrophysics and cosmology.The prime focus of the book is on Big Bang cosmology and the role of primordial nucleosynthesis in establishing the modern consensus on the Big Bang. This leads into the connection of cosmology to particle physics and the constraints put on various elementary particles by astrophysical arguments. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis has also led to the argument for nonbaryonic dark matter and is thus related to the major problem in physical cosmology today, namely, structure formation. The nuclear-particle interface with astrophysics also extends to the other topics of major interest such as the age of the universe, cosmic rays, supernovae, and solar neutrinos, each of which will be discussed in some detail. Each section contains historical papers, current papers, and frequently a popular article on the subject which provides an overview of the topic.This volume is testimony to the success of the integration of nuclear and particle physics with astrophysics and cosmology, and to the ingenuity of the work in this area which has earned the author numerous prestigious awards. The book, which is accessible to beginning graduate students, should be of particular interest to researchers and students in astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and gravitation, and also in high energy and nuclear physics.
A notable feature of this volume is the emphasis on the role of quark matter as well as the cosmic QCD phase transition in cosmology and astrophysics. In addition, there are several review talks, both in experiment and theory, summarising the state of the art and projection for the near future in this important and rapidly evolving area. This book will serve as an important source for researchers and graduate students in the area of quark-gluon plasma physics, excited hadronic matter, astrophysics, cosmology and other related areas.
Quark-Gluon Plasma introduces the primordial matter, composed of two types of elementary particles, created at the time of the Big Bang. During the evolution of the universe, Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) undergoes a transition to hadronic matter governed by quantum chromodynamics, the law of strong interactions. After an introduction to gauge theories, various aspects of quantum chromodynamic phase transitions are illustrated in a self-contained manner. The cosmological approach and renormalization group are discussed, as well as the cosmological and astrophysical implications of QGP, on the basis of Einstein's equations. Recent developments towards the formation of QGP in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions are also presented in detail. This text is suitable as an introduction for graduate students, as well as providing a valuable reference for researchers already working in this and related fields. It includes eight appendices and over a hundred exercises.
The International Conference "Primordial Nucleosynthesis and Evolution of Early Universe" was held in the presence of Prof. William Fowler on 4 - 8 September 1990 at the Sanjo Conference Hall, the University of Tokyo. This conference was co-sponsored by IUPAP, the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, and by the University of Tokyo. The number of participants was 156, 58 from 15 foreign countries and 98 from Japan. About 120 contributions were submitted orally or as posters. Originally this conference was planned as a small gathering on Primordial Nucleosynthesis as indicated in the title, since primordial nucleosynthesis is the most important probe of the early stage of the universe. As is well known, light element abundances strongly depend on the time evolution of temperature and density. In this sense we can say that primordial nucleosynthesis is both the thermometer and speedometer of the early universe. Moreover, recently it has been claimed that primordial nucleosynthesis is an indicator of inhomogeneity of the early universe too. Now research of the primordial nucleosynthesis is in a boom. We, however, decided to include observational cosmology, of observations. taking into account the recent remarkable results Nowadays, to reveal the large scale structure of the universe and discover its origin is a main subject in cosmology. We invited distinguished scientists from all over the world, and very fortunately almost all these people accepted to attend this conference.
Contents:Progress of RFQ and Superconducting Accelerators in China (C E Chen et al.)QCD Phase Transition in the Laboratory and in the Early Universe (B Sinha)Frontiers in Ultrafast Laser Science (W Sibbett)Asymmetries of Sea Quark Distributions in Baryons (M Alberg et al.)A Variational Approach to Many-Particle Systems (C K Kim et al.)Synchrotron Radiation Activities at KEK (M Kihara)Results of the UNU/ICTP PFF Network (S Lee)New Generation Positron-Atom Scattering Theories (K Ratnavelu)Superconducting Pairing of Quarks in QCD (N V Hieu & L T Tuong)Photon-Gated Persistent Spectral Hole Burning (Y X Nie & L Z Zhao)Wind Driven Circulation of the South China Sea (A Camerlengo)Effect of Soil Type on Environmental Terrestrial Gamma Radiation Dose in Johor State, Malaysia (A T Ramli et al.)Research in Optical Fibres Devices at Telekom Malaysia Photonics Laboratory (H B Ahmad et al.)Simplifying Complexity (W A T Wan Abdullah)Gravitational Wave Detection in the Laboratory (Y T Chen et al.)and other papers Readership: Theoretical physicists.
A fundamental, profound review of the key issues relating to the early universe and the physical processes that occurred in it. The interplay between cosmic microwave background radiation, large scale structure, and the dark matter problem are stressed, with a central focus on the crucial issue of the phase transitions in the early universe and their observable consequences: baryon symmetry, baryogenesis and cosmological fluctuations. There is an interplay between cosmology, statistical physics and particle physics in studying these problems, both at the theoretical and the experimental / observational levels. Special contributions are devoted to primordial and astrophysical black holes and to high energy cosmic rays and neutrino astrophysics. There is also a special section devoted to the International Space Station and its scientific utilization.
In this corrected and enlarged edition of Börner's well respected textbook, you will find an up-to-date account of the interplay between particle physics and astrophysics upon which modern cosmology is founded. The author describes some of the theories which have been developed to model the fundamental interaction of elementary particles in the extremely high temperatures of the early universe, taking care to distinguish facts and well- established results from hypotheses and speculations. The three parts of the book discuss the standard hot big bang model of the early universe, the basic ideas of the standard and the grand unified theories of elementary particles, and the influence of dark matter of the large- scale evolution of structure. In addition to making some minor corrections, the author has added an appendix presenting new results and an updated bibliography. Two main groups of readers are addressed: research students in astronomy can use this book to understand the impact of elementary particle theory on cosmology, while research students in particle physics can use it to acquaint themselves with the basic facts of cosmology. The book is written carefully enough to appeal also to a wider audience of physicists.